Table 8.
Summary statistics for chronic dietary exposure to nickel (μg/kg bw per day) across European countries
| Age class | Minimum | Median | Maximum | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LB | UB | LB | UB | LB | UB | |
| Mean dietary exposure in total population (μg/kg bw per day) | ||||||
| Infants | 3.05 | 4.25 | 4.40 | 6.14 | 8.31 | 9.71 |
| Toddlers | 6.23 | 7.77 | 8.53 | 10.1 | 12.5 | 14.6 |
| Other children | 4.69 | 5.42 | 7.05 | 8.16 | 8.97 | 10.1 |
| Adolescents | 2.40 | 2.80 | 3.58 | 4.27 | 5.56 | 6.44 |
| Adults | 1.83 | 2.20 | 2.90 | 3.41 | 3.65 | 4.19 |
| Elderly | 1.57 | 1.89 | 2.51 | 2.99 | 3.65 | 4.28 |
| Very elderly | 1.91 | 2.31 | 3.05 | 3.55 | 3.77 | 4.29 |
| 95th percentile dietary exposure in total population (μg/kg bw per day) | ||||||
| Infantsa | 6.19 | 7.91 | 9.81 | 12.8 | 28.1 | 29.9 |
| Toddlersa | 10.7 | 12.5 | 16.1 | 17.9 | 23.2 | 24.8 |
| Other children | 10.3 | 11.5 | 13.3 | 14.6 | 18.8 | 20.5 |
| Adolescentsa | 5.59 | 6.13 | 7.47 | 8.27 | 11.3 | 12.8 |
| Adults | 3.83 | 4.29 | 5.66 | 6.30 | 7.43 | 8.05 |
| Elderly | 3.55 | 4.12 | 4.98 | 5.56 | 6.83 | 7.69 |
| Very elderlya | 3.35 | 3.93 | 5.58 | 6.31 | 6.81 | 7.60 |
bw: body weight; LB: lower bound; UB: upper bound.
a
The 95th percentile estimates obtained on dietary surveys/age classes with fewer than 60 observations may not be statistically robust (EFSA, 2011b) and are therefore not included in this table.