Table.
Baseline Characteristics of Enrolled Clinical Trials
| Studies | Region | Gestational Age | Sample Size | No. ECV Operators | ECV Attempts | Primary Outcomes | Tocolysis | Dosage of Anesthesia | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention | Control | Neuraxial | IV | Inhalational | Control | Intrathecal | Epidural | IV | Inhalational | Control | ||||||
| Schorr et al,15 1997 | United States | 38.0 ± 2.3 | 37.4 ± 2.1 | 35 | 34 | Not specified | 3 | Successful ECV | SQ terbutaline 0.25 mg, 30-min interval | 2% lidocaine titrate to T6 level | ||||||
| Dugoff et al,13 1999 | United States | 38.0 ± 0.2 | 38.0 ± 0.2 | 50 | 52 | 2 | 4 | Successful ECV | IV terbutaline 0.25 mg | 0.25% bupivacaine 1 mL, 10 µg Sufentanil | ||||||
| Mancuso et al,16 2000 | United States | 38.1 ± 1.2 | 37.9 ± 1.0 | 54 | 54 | Not specified | No limit | Successful ECV | SQ terbutaline 0.25 mg | 2% lidocaine 13 mL with fentanyl 100 µg | ||||||
| Birnbach et al,17 2001 | United States | 37.0 ± 0.7 | 36.9 ± 0.4 | 20 | 15 | Not specified | Not specified | Successful ECV | SQ terbutaline 0.25 mg | IV sufentanil 10 µg | IV meperidine 50 mg | |||||
| Delisle et al,18 2001 | Canada | >36 | >36 | 73 | 68 | Not specified | 4 | Successful ECV | IV nitroglycerine dose not specified | Intrathecal 0.25% bupivacaine 1 mL with fentanyl 20 µg | ||||||
| Hollard et al,19 2003 | United States | >36 | >36 | 17 | 19 | Not specified | Not specified | Successful ECV, pain | SQ terbutaline 0.25 mg | Lidocaine 6 mg, fentanyl 15 µg | ||||||
| Weiniger et a l,20 2007 | Israel | 37.9 ± 1.0 | 37.9 ± 1.0 | 36 | 34 | Not specified | 3 | Successful ECV | IV ritodrine 50 mg, PO nifedipine 20 mg after 2003 | 7.5 mg bupivacaine | ||||||
| Leung et al,21 2009 | China | Not specified | Not specified | 40 | 40 | 40 | Not specified | Not specified | Success rate of ECV, pain | Hexoprenaline, dose not specified | Not specified | Not specified | ||||
| Sullivan et al,22 2009 | United States | >36 | >36 | 47 | 48 | Not specified | Not specified | Successful ECV | IV terbutaline 0.25 mg | Intrathecal bupivacaine 2.5 mg with fentanyl 15 µg; epidural lidocaine 45 mg with epinephrine 15 µg | Lidocaine 45 mg, fentanyl 15 µg | IV 50 µg fentanyl | ||||
| Weiniger et al,11 2010 | Israel | 38.1 ± 0.9 | 38.2 ± 1.1 | 31 | 33 | Not specified | Not specified | Successful ECV | IV ritodrine 50 mg, PO nifedipine 20 mg after 2003 | Bupivacaine 7.5 mg | ||||||
| Studies | Region | Gestational Age | Sample Size | No. ECV Operators | ECV Attempts | Primary Outcomes | Tocolysis | Dosage of Anesthesia | ||||||||
| Intervention | Control | Neuraxial | IV | Inhalational | Control | Intrathecal | Epidural | IV | Inhalational | Control | ||||||
| Burgos et al,23 2013 | Spain | >37 | >37 | 300 | 150 | 3 | 5 | Successful ECV | IV ritodrine 200 µg/min for 30 min, or atosiban 6.75 mg | 50% nitrous oxide for 3 min | ||||||
| Muñoz et al,24 2014 | Spain | 36–41 | 36–41 | 31 | 29 | Not specified | Not specified | Pain associated with ECV | IV infusion ritodrine 200 µg/min continuously | Remifentanil 0.1 µg/kg/min infusion, 0.1 µg/kg on demand | Paracetamol 1 g | |||||
| Pinel Perez et al,25 2015 | Spain | Not specified | Not specified | 44 | 57 | Not specified | Not specified | Success rate of ECV | Not specified | Not specified | 4% sevoflurane | |||||
| Khaw et al,26 2015 | China | 36.9 | 37.3 | 63 | 63 | 63 | 5 | 5 | Successful ECV | Hexoprenaline 10 µg | 0.5% bupivacaine 1.8 mL with fentanyl 15 µg | Remifentanil 0.1 µg/kg/min infusion | ||||
| Liu and Xue,27 2016 | China | 37–41 | 37–40 | 76 | 76 | Not specified | Not specified | Successful ECV | Not specified | Remifentanil 0.1 µg/kg/min for 3 min, 0.1 µg/kg on demand | Paracetamol 1 g | |||||
| Li et al,28 2016 | China | 36.0 ± 2.7 | 35. ± 1.9 | 60 | 30 | Not specified | Not specified | Successful ECV | Not specified | 1.73% lidocaine 10 mL or 3 mL with intrathecal bupivacaine 2.5 mg | ||||||
| Burgos et al, 29 2016 | Spain | 37–41 | 37–40 | 60 | 60 | Successful ECV | IV ritodrine 200 µg/min for 30 min, or atosiban 6.75 mg | Remifentanil 0.1 µg/kg/min × 3 min, 0.1 µg/kg on demand | 50% nitrous oxide for 3 min | |||||||
| Wang et al,30 2017 | China | 37–41 | 37–41 | 72 | 72 | Not specified | Not specified | Pain associated with ECV | Not specified | Remifentanil 0.1 µg/kg/min for 3 min, 0.1 µg/kg on demand | Paracetamol 1 g | |||||
| Dochez et al,31 2017 | France | Not specified | Not specified | 74 | 76 | Successful ECV, pain | Not specified | 50% nitrous oxide | Medical air | |||||||
Abbreviations: ECV, external cephalic version; IV, intravenous; PO, by mouth; SQ, subcutaneous.