How this fits in

New primary care networks (PCNs) have been created in England to encourage collaboration between groups of general practices. Presented here are findings from the first independent national evaluation of the size and characteristics of PCNs. National policy specifies that PCNs would be most effective if they served 30 000–50 000 people. Only 58% of the PCNs that have emerged are within this range, with 7% being smaller and 35% being larger than the recommended population size. Some PCNs face particular challenges, such as those with twice as many older people and people with chronic conditions as other PCNs. The differences in size and characteristics of PCNs will affect their performance, governance, and management. PCNs are the primary vehicle through which new investment is being channelled into general practices. It is therefore important to understand the factors that might affect their ability to utilise that investment effectively and equitably.