TABLE 2. Intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, receipt of invasive ventilation, receipt of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), and deaths among symptomatic women of reproductive age with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 (N = 409,462), by pregnancy status, age, race/ethnicity, and underlying health conditions — United States, January 22–October 3, 2020.
| Outcome*/Characteristic | No. (per 1,000 cases) of symptomatic women |
Risk ratio (95% CI) |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pregnant (n = 23,434) | Nonpregnant (n = 386,028) | Crude† | Adjusted†,§ | |
|
ICU admission¶
| ||||
|
All
|
245 (10.5)
|
1,492 (3.9)
|
2.7 (2.4–3.1)
|
3.0 (2.6–3.4)
|
|
Age group, yrs
| ||||
| 15–24 |
49 (7.6) |
244 (1.8) |
4.1 (3.0–5.6) |
3.9 (2.8–5.3) |
| 25–34 |
118 (9.1) |
467 (3.5) |
2.6 (2.1–3.1) |
2.4 (2.0–3.0) |
| 35–44 |
78 (19.4) |
781 (6.4) |
3.0 (2.4–3.8) |
3.2 (2.5–4.0) |
|
Race/Ethnicity
| ||||
| Hispanic or Latina |
89 (12.8) |
429 (5.0) |
2.6 (2.0–3.2) |
2.8 (2.2–3.5) |
| AI/AN, non-Hispanic |
0 (0) |
13 (7.9) |
NA |
NA |
| Asian, non-Hispanic |
20 (35.7) |
52 (6.0) |
5.9 (3.6–9.8) |
6.6 (4.0–11.0) |
| Black, non-Hispanic |
46 (13.6) |
334 (6.2) |
2.2 (1.6–3.0) |
2.8 (2.0–3.8) |
| NHPI, non-Hispanic |
5 (42.0) |
22 (14.4) |
2.9 (1.1–7.6) |
3.7 (1.3–10.1) |
| White, non-Hispanic |
31 (5.6) |
348 (2.8) |
2.0 (1.4–2.9) |
2.3 (1.6–3.3) |
| Multiple or other race, non-Hispanic |
8 (11.0) |
37 (3.0) |
3.7 (1.7–7.9) |
4.1 (1.9–8.9) |
| Unknown/Not reported |
46 (7.6) |
257 (2.6) |
2.9 (2.1–3.9) |
3.4 (2.5–4.7) |
|
Underlying health conditions
| ||||
| Diabetes |
25 (58.5) |
274 (44.8) |
1.3 (0.9–1.9) |
1.5 (1.0–2.2) |
| CVD** |
13 (42.8) |
247 (32.1) |
1.3 (0.8–2.3) |
1.5 (0.9–2.6) |
| Chronic lung disease |
15 (29.6) |
179 (19.5) |
1.5 (0.9–2.6) |
1.7 (1.0–2.8) |
|
Invasive ventilation††
| ||||
|
All
|
67 (2.9)
|
412 (1.1)
|
2.7 (2.1–3.5)
|
2.9 (2.2–3.8)
|
|
Age group, yrs
| ||||
| 15–24 |
11 (1.7) |
68 (0.5) |
3.3 (1.8–6.3) |
3.0 (1.6–5.7)§§ |
| 25–34 |
30 (2.3) |
123 (0.9) |
2.5 (1.7–3.7) |
2.5 (1.6–3.7)§§ |
| 35–44 |
26 (6.5) |
221 (1.8) |
3.5 (2.4–5.3) |
3.6 (2.4–5.4) |
|
Race/Ethnicity
| ||||
| Hispanic or Latina |
33 (4.7) |
143 (1.7) |
2.8 (1.9–4.1) |
3.0 (2.1–4.5) |
| AI/AN, non-Hispanic |
0 (0) |
5 (3.0) |
NA |
NA |
| Asian, non-Hispanic |
4 (7.1) |
19 (2.2) |
NA |
NA |
| Black, non-Hispanic |
10 (3) |
86 (1.6) |
1.9 (1.0–3.6) |
2.5 (1.3–4.9) |
| NHPI, non-Hispanic |
4 (33.6) |
10 (6.6) |
NA |
NA |
| White, non-Hispanic |
12 (2.2) |
102 (0.8) |
2.7 (1.5–4.8) |
3.0 (1.7–5.6) |
| Multiple or other race, non-Hispanic |
0 (0) |
8 (0.6) |
NA |
NA |
| Unknown/Not reported |
4 (0.7) |
39 (0.4) |
NA |
NA |
|
Underlying health conditions
| ||||
| Diabetes |
10 (23.4) |
98 (16.0) |
1.5 (0.8–2.8) |
1.7 (0.9–3.3) |
| CVD** |
6 (19.7) |
82 (10.6) |
1.9 (0.8–4.2) |
1.9 (0.8–4.5)¶¶ |
| Chronic lung disease |
4 (7.9) |
50 (5.4) |
NA |
NA |
|
ECMO***
| ||||
|
All
|
17 (0.7)
|
120 (0.3)
|
2.3 (1.4–3.9)
|
2.4 (1.5–4.0)
|
|
Age group,yrs
| ||||
| 15–24 |
6 (0.9) |
31 (0.2) |
4.0 (1.7–9.5) |
NA††† |
| 25–34 |
7 (0.5) |
35 (0.3) |
2.0 (0.9–4.6) |
2.0 (0.9–4.4)§§ |
| 35–44 |
4 (1.0) |
54 (0.4) |
NA |
NA |
|
Race/Ethnicity
| ||||
| Hispanic or Latina |
6 (0.9) |
35 (0.4) |
2.1 (0.9–5.0) |
2.4 (1.0–5.9) |
| AI/AN, non-Hispanic |
0 (0) |
1 (0.6) |
NA |
NA |
| Asian, non-Hispanic |
0 (0) |
1 (0.1) |
NA |
NA |
| Black, non-Hispanic |
5 (1.5) |
30 (0.6) |
2.7 (1.0–6.9) |
2.9 (1.1–7.3) |
| NHPI, non-Hispanic |
0 (0) |
2 (1.3) |
NA |
NA |
| White, non-Hispanic |
4 (0.7) |
29 (0.2) |
NA |
NA |
| Multiple or other race, non-Hispanic |
0 (0) |
3 (0.2) |
NA |
NA |
| Unknown/Not reported |
2 (0.3) |
19 (0.2) |
NA |
NA |
|
Underlying health conditions
| ||||
| Diabetes |
1 (2.3) |
13 (2.1) |
NA |
NA |
| CVD** |
1 (3.3) |
20 (2.6) |
NA |
NA |
| Chronic lung disease |
1 (2.0) |
20 (2.2) |
NA |
NA |
|
Death§§§
| ||||
|
All
|
34 (1.5)
|
447 (1.2)
|
1.3 (0.9–1.8)
|
1.7 (1.2–2.4)
|
|
Age group, yrs
| ||||
| 15–24 |
2 (0.3) |
40 (0.3) |
NA |
NA |
| 25–34 |
15 (1.2) |
125 (0.9) |
1.2 (0.7–2.1) |
1.2 (0.7–2.1) |
| 35–44 |
17 (4.2) |
282 (2.3) |
1.8 (1.1–3.0) |
2.0 (1.2–3.2) |
|
Race/Ethnicity
| ||||
| Hispanic or Latina |
14 (2.0) |
87 (1.0) |
2.0 (1.1–3.5) |
2.4 (1.3–4.3) |
| AI/AN, non-Hispanic |
0 (0) |
5 (3.0) |
NA |
NA |
| Asian, non-Hispanic |
1 (1.8) |
11 (1.3) |
NA |
NA |
| Black, non-Hispanic |
9 (2.7) |
167 (3.1) |
0.9 (0.4–1.7) |
1.4 (0.7–2.7) |
| NHPI, non-Hispanic |
2 (16.8) |
6 (3.9) |
NA |
NA |
| White, non-Hispanic |
3 (0.5) |
83 (0.7) |
NA |
NA |
| Multiple or other race, non-Hispanic |
0 (0) |
12 (1.0) |
NA |
NA |
| Unknown/Not reported |
5 (0.8) |
76 (0.8) |
1.1 (0.4–2.6) |
1.4 (0.6–3.6) |
|
Underlying health conditions
| ||||
| Diabetes |
6 (14.1) |
78 (12.7) |
1.1 (0.5–2.5) |
1.5 (0.6–3.5)¶¶¶ |
| CVD** |
7 (23.0) |
89 (11.6) |
2.0 (0.9–4.3) |
2.2 (1.0–4.8)**** |
| Chronic lung disease | 1 (2.0) | 37 (4.0) | NA | NA |
Abbreviations: AI/AN = American Indian/Alaska Native; CI = confidence interval; CVD = cardiovascular disease; NA = not applicable; NHPI = Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander.
* Percentages calculated among total in pregnancy status group.
† Crude and adjusted risk ratios were not calculated for cell sizes <5.
§ Adjusted for age (continuous variable, in years), categorical race/ethnicity variable, and dichotomous indicators for diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and chronic lung disease.
¶ A total of 17,007 (72.6%) symptomatic pregnant women and 291,539 (75.5%) symptomatic nonpregnant women were missing information on ICU admission status; however, while hospital admission status was not separately analyzed, hospitalization status was missing for 2,393 (10.2%) symptomatic pregnant women and 35,624 (9.2%) of symptomatic nonpregnant women, and no hospital admission was reported for 16,672 (71.1%) pregnant and 337,414 (87.4%) nonpregnant women. Therefore, in the absence of reported hospital admissions, women with missing ICU admission information were assumed to have not been admitted to the ICU.
** Cardiovascular disease also accounts for presence of hypertension.
†† A total of 17,903 (76.4%) pregnant women and 299,413 (77.6%) nonpregnant women were missing information regarding receipt of invasive ventilation and were assumed to have not received it.
§§ Adjusted for the presence of diabetes, CVD, and chronic lung disease only, and removed race/ethnicity from adjustment set because of model convergence issues.
¶¶ Adjusted for the presence of diabetes and chronic lung disease and age as a continuous covariate only and removed race/ethnicity from adjustment set because of model convergence issues.
*** A total of 18,246 (77.9%) pregnant women and 298,608 (77.4%) nonpregnant women were missing information for receipt of ECMO and were assumed to have not received ECMO.
††† Model failed to converge even after adjustment for a reduced set of covariates.
§§§ A total of 5,152 (22.0%) pregnant women and 66,346 (17.2%) nonpregnant women were missing information on death and were assumed to have survived.
¶¶¶ Adjusted for the presence of CVD and chronic lung disease and age as a continuous variable.
**** Adjusted for presence of diabetes and chronic lung disease and age as a continuous variable.