Table 1. Patient characteristics.
| Patient numbers (%) | |
|---|---|
| Total number of patients | 521 |
| Sex | |
| Male | 331 (63.5%) |
| Female | 190 (36.5%) |
| Operative methods | |
| Transforaminal | 319 (61.2%) |
| Interlaminar | 202 (38.8%) |
| Re-operation patients | 45 (8.6%) |
| MacNab score | |
| Excellent/good | 490 (94%) |
| Fair/poor | 31 (6% |
| All adverse outcome* | 63 (12.1%) |
| Adverse symptoms** | |
| Numbness | 20 |
| Pain | 14 |
| Weakness | 2 |
| Soreness | 4 |
| Numbness+pain | 7 |
| Numbness+weakness | 4 |
| Numbness+soreness | 2 |
| Dysethesia | 2 |
*All adverse outcome was defined as fair/poor MacNab score and re-operation.
**Post-operative adverse symptoms.