Table 4:

Implementation Strategy for intervention and control clusters.

Activity	What	Who	When	Where	How
Intervention clusters
Case identification	Detection of cases	Community-level health worker (CLHW)	Young infant is seen by the CLHW either at their place of work or during routine postnatal home visits	Community clinic in Bangladesh, Health Post in Ethiopia, Household in India and Malawi	Clinical assessment
Screening and enrolment	Detection of eligible cases	CLHW	Young infant is seen by the CLHW either at their place of work or during routine postnatal home visits	Community clinic in Bangladesh, Health Post in Ethiopia, Household in India and Malawi	Clinical assessment, pulse oximetry and consent
Confirmation of cases	Validation of eligible cases identified by CLHW	Study Supervisor	An eligible young infant is identified by a CLHW and supervisor is informed	Community clinic in Bangladesh, Health Post in Ethiopia, Household in India and Malawi	Clinical assessment, pulse oximetry and confirmation of CLHWs findings
Treatment provision	Oral amoxicillin	CLHW and parents/care givers	After enrolment and consent	First dose given at place of enrolment and remaining doses given at home	Practical demonstration of giving the first dose in front of mother/caregiver
Follow up	Follow up assessments of infants under intervention treatment	CLHW	On days 2,4 and 7 after enrolment	Community clinic in Bangladesh, Health Post in Ethiopia, Household in India and Malawi	Clinical assessment, pulse oximetry and checking treatment adherence
Supervision	Sub-sample on follow-up days for quality assurance	Study Supervisor	Follow-up visits on days 2, 4, and 7	Community clinic in Bangladesh, Health Post in Ethiopia, Household in India and Malawi	Conformational assessment
Outcome assessment	Outcome assessment	Independent Outcome Assessor	Days 6, 14 and if patient deteriorated in between	Patients household or a hospital if patient was admitted	Clinical assessment and filling outcome assessment form
Control clusters
Case identification	Detection of cases	CLHW	Young infant is seen by the CLHW either at their place of work or during routine postnatal home visits	Community clinic in Bangladesh, Health Post in Ethiopia, Household in India and Malawi	Clinical assessment
Screening and enrolment	Detection of eligible cases	CLHW	Young infant is seen by the CLHW either at their place of work or during routine postnatal home visits	Community clinic in Bangladesh, Health Post in Ethiopia, Household in India and Malawi	Clinical assessment, and consent
Confirmation of cases	Validation of eligible cases identified by CLHW	Study Supervisor	An eligible young infant is identified by a CLHW and supervisor is informed	Community clinic in Bangladesh, Health Post in Ethiopia, Household in India and Malawi	Clinical assessment, and confirmation of CLHWs findings, pulse oximetry
Treatment provision	Refer to a referral facility	CLHW	After enrolment and consent	First dose given at place of enrolment and refer to a referral facility	Counselling for referral
Follow up	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Supervision	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Outcome assessment	Outcome assessment	Independent Outcome Assessor	Days 6, 14 and if patient deteriorated in between	Patients household or a hospital if patient was admitted	Clinical assessment and filling outcome assessment form

NA: not applicable.