Multiple GH signaling pathways can contribute to specific GH responses. GH: growth hormone; GHR: growth hormone receptor; JAK2, Janus kinase 2; STAT: Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; IRS: insulin receptor substrate; PI3K: phosphatidyl inositol 3 kinase; GSK-3: glycogen synthase kinase-3; TCF: ternary complex factors; SRF: serum response factor; C/EBP: CCAAT enhancer binding protein. Figure adapted from Cesena et al., Molecular Genetics and Metabolism, 2007, 90, 126–133 © Bioscientifica Ltd (2007). Adapted by permission.