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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Nov 5.
Published in final edited form as: Risk Anal. 2018 Aug 16;38(10):2128–2143. doi: 10.1111/risa.13138

Table 3:

Multinomial regression predicting the use of focal responses (50%, 0%, and 100%) and other responses.

Raw responses Responses rounded to nearest integer
Predictor 50% 0% 100% Other 50% 0% 100% Other
Response modes
Visual linear scale
vs. open-ended
−.04*** −.05*** −.01*** .10*** −.02*** −.04*** −.01*** .07***
Magnifier scale
vs. open-ended
−.07*** −.04*** −.01*** .12*** −.10*** −.06*** −.01*** .17***
Respondent characteristics
High numeracy −.01** −.01*** .00 .01*** −.01** −.01*** .00 .02***
College education −.01*** .00 .00 .01*** −.02*** .00 .00 .02***
Log of income .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00
Age >.00*** <.00*** <.00* .00* >.00*** <.00*** <.00** >.00*
Gender (female) .00 .00 <.00*** .00 .00 −.01* −.00*** .01
Had diseasea .01*** <.00* <.00*** −.01* .01** <.00* <.00*** −.01*
Explanations
No one can know the chances
(if follow-up)
.02*** .02*** .00 −.03*** .03*** .02*** .00 −.04***
Other survey conditions
Follow-up condition
asking for explanations
.00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00
Question with follow-up
asking for explanations
−.01* .01** .00 .00 −.01*** .01** .00 .00
Dying
Condition
−.01*** <.00** <.00*** .01*** −.01*** <.00* <.00*** .02***
Numeracy first
Condition
.00 .00 .00 .00 <.00* .00 .00 .00
Condition with questions about
getting sick given prevention first
.00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00
a

Refers to the disease that was mentioned in the question.

***

p<.001

**

p<.01,

*

p<.05

Note to Table 3: Dummy variables for individual questions are not shown. Standard errors varied between .01 and .001. Model statistics: pseudo-R2=.23, Wald χ2(90)=7153.53 (for raw responses), p<.0001; pseudo-R2=.19 Wald χ2(90)=7196.23 (for responses rounded to the nearest integer), p<.0001.