Table 3.

The therapeutic implications for IL-9-based cancer immunotherapy in clinical

Years	Type of tumor	Tissues	Functions of Th9/IL-9 signature
2012	Melanoma	TIL	The decrease in tumor-infiltrating Th9 cells is associated with higher tumor development.
2016		CD8+ T cells	Th9 cells favor melanoma-specific CD8+ T cell-mediated anti-tumor function in patients treated with Nibolumab.
2017	Breast cancer	Peripheral blood and circulating CD4+ T cells	Enhances CD8+ T cell-mediated cytotoxicity.
2019	Cervical cancer	Cervical	Inhibits proliferation and promote apoptosis of cervical cancer cells