Table 3.

Candidate Zika vaccines evaluated in non-human primates

Candidate vaccine	Non-human primate species	Dosage	Route of immunization	Neutralization titer	Challenge Virus/Dose Route	Viremia post challenge	Reference
N-terminal 80% envelope protein	Cynomolgus macaque	Two doses of 50 µg (days 0,21) + alhydrogel	intramuscular	3500 (by PRNT50)	10,000 TCID50 PRVABC550 subcutaneous	4/4 animals had no detectable viremia	35
HuAd26	Rhesus macaques	One dose of 1 × 1011 virus particles	Intramuscular	500 (by FRNT50)	1000 pfu ZIKV-BR subcutaneous	5/5 animals had no detectable viremia, nor detection of virus in CSF, saliva or urine	36
DNA prM/E	Rhesus macaques	Two doses	Electoporation Intradermal	Not known	Strain and dose unknown	No detectable, or significantly reduced, viremia	37
mRNA	Rhesus macaques	One dose (50 µg)	Lipid-nanoparticle encapsidated Intradermal	400 (by PRNT50)	10,000 TCID50 PRVABC550 subcutaneous	4/5 animals had no detectable viremia	38
RhAd52	Rhesus Macaques	One dose 1 × 1011 virus particles		Approx. 200 (by MN50)	1000 pfu ZIKV-BR subcutaneous	4/4 animals had no detectable viremia	39
Formalin Inactivated	Rhesus macaques	Two doses (5 µg) (days 0,28)	subcutaneous	5000 (by MN50)	1000 pfu ZIKV-BR subcutaneous	8/8 animals had no detectable viremia, nor virus in CSF, urine, colorectal or cervicovaginal secretions	39
DNA prM/E	Rhesus Macaques	Two doses of 5 mg (days 0,28)		Approx. 200 (by MN50)	1000 pfu ZIKV-BR subcutaneous	4/4 animals had no detectable viremia	39
DNA prM/E	Rhesus macaques	Two doses of 1 mg or 4 mg (days 0,28)	Needle-free injector intramuscular	322 (by EC50)	1000 TCID50 PRVABC550 subcutaneous	17/18 animals had no detectable viremia	40