Table I.

Thermal Parameters and Thicknesses Used in Simulations for the TDS, Tissue Layers, and Blood

Parameter	Units	Model domain						Blood
		TDS	SC	VE	DE	Fata	Musclea
ρ	kg m−3	ρwater(T)b	1220c 1080d	1060e	1116f	850	1270	1060g
CP	J kg−1 K−1	cPwater(T)b	Eq. 7	Eq. 7	3800h	2300	3800	3800g
k	W m−1 K−1	0.2967i	Eq. 8	Eq. 8	0.53h	0.16	0.53	–
qmet	W m−3	0	0	2000j	200h	5	800	–
ωk	kg m−3 s−1	–	–	–	Table II	0.60	0.50
α × 107l	m2 s−1	0.709	0.456c 0.456d	0.629	1.25	8.18E-08	1.10E-07	–
h × 103m	m	0.10	0.0134c 0.0434d	0.080	1.50	2.00	6.80	–
h2/αn	s	0.14	0.04c 0.04d	0.10	18.00	48.88	421.05	–

^aAll fat and muscle values taken from (49)

^bDefault water values as a function of temperature supplied by COMSOL

^cPartially hydrated SC (0.34 g water/g dry tissue) assuming ρ_SC(dry) = 1300 kg m⁻³ (37)

^dFully hydrated SC (2.87 g water/g dry tissue) assuming ρ_SC(dry) = 1300 kg m⁻³ (37)

^eAuthors’ estimate based on hydrated SC value

^fValue for full thickness guinea pig skin obtained by Morales et al. (57)

^g(58) as cited in (47)

^h(49)

ⁱCalculated for an Alza nicotine TDS of thickness 0.027 cm and thermal resistance 9.1 × 10⁻⁴ m² K W⁻¹ (59)

^jEstimated from the ratio of protein synthesis in epidermis and dermis under unstressed conditions (60)

^kBlood flow in SI units. ω is related to the commonly reported value Q [mL blood/(mL tissue·s)] according to Eq. 7

^lThermal diffusivity at 32°C, calculated as k / ρc_p

^mLayer thickness

ⁿThermal time constant