Table 3.

Univariate (crude OR) and Multivariate (adj-OR)* analysis between vaccination hesitancy or refusal (vs vaccination confidence) with different categorical variables considered in the study. (* multivariate analysis was performed only for variables with p ≤ .0.20 at the univariate).

	Vaccination hesitancy or refusal (vs confidence)
	crude OR (95% CIs)	p-value	adj-OR (95% CIs)	p-value
Gender
- Female	reference	0.48
- Male	1.82 (0.81–2.36)
Age classes
- ≤ 40 years	ref	0.15	ref	0.57
- ≥ 40 years	1.56 (0.85–2.56)		1.21 (0.61–2.37)
Education
- high school/university degree	ref	0.54
- primary/secondary school degree	0.79 (0.37–1.68)
Marital Status
- married/partner	ref	0.67
- single/widower/divorced	1.16 (0.58–2.33)
Being parent
- yes	ref	0.49
- no	1.28 (0.64–2.58)
Health-care workers
- yes	ref	0.14	ref	0.19
- no	2.25 (0.76–6.59)		2.14 (0.69–6.67)
Best strategy for infectious disease prevention
- vaccination	ref	<0.001	ref	<0.001
- other (hygiene, physical activity, homeopathy, etc.)	7.39 (3.32–16.44)		7.01 (2.88–17.09)
Main informative source on vaccination topics
- GPs, pediatricians, public health-care workers	ref	0.05	ref	0.19
- Mass media, social networks, friends/relatives	2.09 (1.01–4.41)		1.73 (0.77–3.89)
Confidence in HCWs regarding vaccination topics
- yes	ref	0.05	ref	0.98
- no	2.18 (1.02–4.75)		0.99 (0.38–2.54)
Healthcare Professionals failed to mention some vaccine-related events
- yes	ref	0.21
- no	1.47 (0.80–2.68)