Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of the study subjects according to the disease severity of COVID-19
| Characteristic | Disease severity of COVID-19 |
Statistic parameter |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Asymptomatic carriers (n = 50) | Mild cases (n = 81) | Ordinary cases (n = 486) | Severe or critical cases (n = 31) | F value/Chi-Square | P value | |
| Mean (SD) age, years | 41.37 ± 23.96 (n = 49) | 39.85 ± 18.08 (n = 81) | 46.03 ± 16.12 (n = 486) | 60.84 ± 13.55 (n = 31) | 12.543 | < 0.001 |
| Sex, male, n (%) | 23/50 (46.0) | 35/81 (43.2) | 267/486 (54.9) | 20/31 (64.5) | 6.472 | 0.091 |
| Smoker, n (%) |
6/50 (12.0) |
3/81 (3.7) |
40/486 (8.2) |
2/31 (6.5) |
3.288 |
0.349 |
| Exposure to source of transmission within 14 d before admission, n/total n (%) | ||||||
| Living in Wuhan | 3/50 (6.0) | 6/81 (7.4) | 62/486 (12.8) | 1/31 (3.2) | 5.611 | 0.132 |
| Contact with wildlife | 0/50 (0) | 0/81 (0) | 1/486 (0.2) | 0/31 (0) | 0.334 | 0.954 |
| Visited Wuhan recently | 3/50 (6.0) | 16/81(19.8) | 90/486 (18.5) | 4/31 (12.9) | 5.682 | 0.128 |
| Contact with Wuhan residents | 14/50 (28.0) | 14/81 (17.3) | 121/486 (24.9) | 4/31 (12.9) | 4.748 | 0.191 |
| Temperature on admission (°C) | 36.65(36.40–36.80) (n = 48) | 36.80 (36.53–37.28) (n = 80) | 36.90 (36.50–37.50) (n = 475) | 36.65 (36.50–37.20) (n = 30) | 18.857 | < 0.001 |
| Fever |
0/50 (0) |
41/81 (50.6) |
382/486 (78.6) |
28/31 (90.3) |
153.20 |
< 0.001 |
| Symptoms on admission, n (%) | ||||||
| Conjunctival congestion | 0/50 (0) | 1/81 (1.2) | 1/486 (0.2) | 0/31 (0) | 2.675 | 0.445 |
| Nasal congestion | 0/50 (0) | 21/81 (25.9) | 30/486 (6.2) | 0/31 (0) | 45.269 | < 0.001 |
| Headache | 0/50 (0) | 4/81 (4.9) | 52/486 (10.7) | 1/31 (3.2) | 9.719 | 0.021 |
| Cough | 0/50 (0) | 29/81 (35.8) | 327/486 (67.3) | 23/31 (74.2) | 106.30 | < 0.001 |
| Sore throat | 0/50 (0) | 8/81 (9.9) | 57/486 (11.7) | 6/31 (19.4) | 8.787 | 0.032 |
| Sputum production | 0/50 (0) | 15/81 (18.5) | 185/486 (38.1) | 14/31 (45.2) | 40.009 | < 0.001 |
| Fatigue | 0/50 (0) | 6/81 (7.4) | 154/486 (31.7) | 12/31 (38.7) | 42.229 | < 0.001 |
| Hemoptysis | 0/50 (0) | 1/81 (1.2) | 6/486 (1.2) | 0/31 (0) | 1.011 | 0.799 |
| Shortness of breath | 0/50 (0) | 2/81 (2.5) | 96/486 (19.8) | 22/31 (71.0) | 82.198 | < 0.001 |
| Nausea or vomiting | 0/50 (0) | 1/81 (1.2) | 31/486 (6.4) | 3/31 (9.7) | 7.652 | 0.054 |
| Diarrhea | 0/50 (0) | 5/81 (6.2) | 56/486 (11.5) | 8/31 (25.8) | 15.541 | 0.001 |
| Myalgia or arthralgia | 0/50 (0) | 9/81 (11.1) | 83/486 (17.1) | 4/31 (12.9) | 11.639 | 0.009 |
| Chills |
0/50 (0) |
2/81 (2.5) |
65/486 (13.4) |
6/31 (19.4) |
16.809 |
0.001 |
| Signs of infection on admission, n (%) | ||||||
| Throat congestion | 0/50 (0) | 17/81 (21.0) | 60/486 (12.3) | 2/31 (6.5) | 14.102 | 0.029 |
| Swollen tonsils | 0/50 (0) | 0/81 (0) | 2/486 (0.4) | 0/31 (0) | 0.669 | 0.881 |
| Lymph-node enlargement | 0/50 (0) | 0/81 (0) | 0/486 (0) | 0/31 (0) | NA | NA |
| Rash | 0/50 (0) | 0/81 (0) | 1/486 (0.1) | 1/31 (3.2) | 9.147 | 0.027 |
SD: standard deviation; NA: not applicable.
The data presented are the means (standard deviations), numbers (percentages), or the medians and the interquartile ranges. The denominators of the patients included in the analysis are provided if they differed from the overall numbers in the group. Rounding may mean the percentages do not total 100.