Table 2.
Acupuncture inhibits the excessive generation of ROS/RNS.
| References | Species/model | Pre/posttreatment | Acupoints | Acupuncture type | Parameter/manipulation | Course | Results of molecular expression | Mechanisms of antagonizing oxidative stress |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Su et al. [78] | SD rats MCAO/R |
Posttreatment | GV20 GV14 GV26 GV16 |
MA | 20 min/day | 15 sessions, commenced at the 11th day after surgery | NO, iNOS, O2−↓, SOD↑ | Downregulation of pronitro/oxidative factors and upregulation of antioxidant factors |
| Shi et al. [74] | Wistar rats BCCAO |
Posttreatment | GV20 ST36 |
MA | Twirling reinforcing manipulation at a frequency of more than twice per second for 30 s at each point, once daily (1 day rest after 6 days of treatment) | 12 sessions, commenced at the 3rd day after surgery | O2−, NOX, NOX subunits (gp91phox and p47phox)↓ | Inhibition of NOX-mediated ROS generation |
| Zhong et al. [80] | SD rats MCAO/R |
Posttreatment | GV20 GV26 |
EA | 5/20 Hz 2–4 mA 1 h | One session, commenced immediately after surgery | NADH dehydrogenase, succinic dehydrogenase, cytochrome C oxidase↑ | Promoting the activities of respiratory enzymes and reducing the generation of ROS |
| Wang et al. [77] | SD rats MCAO/R |
Posttreatment | GV20 ST36 |
EA | 20 Hz 1 mA 30 min | One session, 2 h after surgery | NOX, ROS, MDA, ONOO−↓, SOD↑ | Downregulation of pronitro/oxidative factors and upregulation of antioxidant factors |
| Jung et al. [28] | C57BL/6 J MCAO/R |
Pretreatment | GV20 GV14 |
EA | 2 Hz 1 mA 20 min/day | 3 sessions, 3 successive days before surgery | O2−, NOX4↓ | Reducing ROS generation with downregulation of NOX4 |
| Guo et al. [75] | C57/BL6J MCAO/R with diabetes |
Pretreatment | GV20 | EA | 2/15 Hz 1 mA 30 min | One session, 2 h before surgery | MDA, ROS, NOX subunits (gp91phox and p47phox)↓ | Inhibition of NOX-mediated oxidative stress |
BCCAO: bilateral common carotid artery occlusion; EA: electroacupuncture; iNOS: inducible nitric oxide synthase; MA: manual acupuncture; MCAO/R: middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion; MDA: malondialdehyde; NO: nitric oxide; NOX: NADPH oxidase; SD: Sprague-Dawley; SOD: superoxide dismutase; ROS: reactive oxygen species.