Table 2.
The differences in mean values within and between groups pre- and postintervention.
| Variables | Preintervention | Postintervention | Mean difference (95% CI) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ODI | ||||
| LLLT | 36.5 ± 12.7 | 17.8 ± 6.4 | 18.75 (16.8 to 20.6) | <0.001 |
| HILT | 37.3 ± 11.3 | 18.5 ± 7.2 | 18.8 (16.77 to 20.8) | <0.001 |
| Control | 36.2 ± 12.3 | 34.6 ± 11.8 | 1.6 (−1.4 to 5.3) | 0.395 |
| p value | 0.726 | <0.001 | — | — |
| VAS | ||||
| LLLT | 6.5 ± 1.7 | 3.4 ± 0.9 | 3.1 (2.5 to 3.6) | <0.001 |
| HILT | 6.3 ± 1.9 | 3.5 ± 0.8 | 2.8 (2.4 to 3.2) | <0.001 |
| Control | 6.6 ± 1.6 | 5.9 ± 1.8 | 0.7 (0.19 to 1.2) | 0.293 |
| p value | 0.534 | <0.001 | — | — |
| Lumbar ROM | ||||
| LLLT | 17.3 ± 2.2 | 20.4 ± 1.7 | −3.1 (−2.5 to −3.6) | <0.001 |
| HILT | 16.9 ± 2.1 | 20.6 ± 1.8 | −3.7 (−2.8 to −4.1) | <0.001 |
| Control | 17.6 ± 2.5 | 17.9 ± 2.4 | −0.3 (−0.39 to −0.21) | 0.082 |
| p value | 0.623 | <0.001 | — | — |
| Total EuroQol | ||||
| LLLT | 32.5 ± 8.4 | 72.8 ± 9.7 | −40.3 (−45.6 to −36.7) | <0.001 |
| HILT | 35.7 ± 9.6 | 74.3 ± 10.4 | −38.6 (−42.3 to −35.4) | <0.001 |
| Control | 35.4 ± 8.8 | 38.6 ± 9.2 | −3.2 (−5.3 to −1.4) | 0.079 |
| p value | 0.463 | <0.001 | — | — |
Variables are presented as means ± standard deviations; significant at p value <0.05; ODI: Oswestry Disability Index; VAS: visual analogue scale; ROM: range of motion; EuroQol: European Quality of Life score.