Table 2. Macro and micronutrients intake across tertiles of DTAC.
| Intake | Mean ± SD | Tertile 1 (n = 76) | Tertile 2 (n = 75) | Tertile 3 (n = 75) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Energy (kcal/d) | 2,775 ± 799 | 2,367 ± 601a | 2,729 ± 642b | 3,235 ± 879c | < 0.001* |
| Total fat (g/d) | 78 ± 36 | 66 ± 25a | 84 ± 45b,c | 85 ± 32c | 0.03* |
| SFAs (g/d) | 23 ± 10 | 20 ± 8 | 24 ± 9 | 26 ± 11 | 0.16 |
| MUFAs (g/d) | 27 ± 17 | 22 ± 8a | 30 ± 26b | 27 ± 10a,b | 0.01* |
| n–3 PUFAs (g/d) | 1.2 ± 0.8 | 1.04 ± 0.6 | 1.2 ± 0.7 | 1.4 ± 1.1 | 0.62 |
| n–6 PUFAs (g/d) | 13.6 ± 7.0 | 11.6 ± 5.6 | 14.8 ± 7.8 | 14.4 ± 6.9 | 0.08 |
| Cholesterol (mg/d) | 204 ± 103 | 179 ± 81 | 206 ± 102 | 228 ± 118 | 0.52 |
| Protein (g/d) | 84 ± 31 | 71 ± 25 | 84 ± 30 | 96 ± 33 | 0.76 |
| Carbohydrates (g/d) | 371 ± 137 | 302 ± 101 | 370 ± 125 | 441 ± 146 | 0.15 |
| Fiber (g/d) | 46.7 ± 24.0 | 40.0 ± 18.6a | 46.0 ± 22.9a,b | 54.1 ± 29.5b | 0.04* |
| Phosphor (mg/d) | 1,640 ± 619 | 1,415 ± 469 | 1,675 ± 651 | 1,833 ± 654 | 0.11 |
| Vitamin A (μg/d) | 804 ± 444 | 732 ± 472 | 774 ± 336 | 907 ± 495 | 0.40 |
| β-Carotene (μg/d) | 5,342 ± 3,046 | 4,754 ± 2,569 | 5,179 ± 2,519 | 6,101 ± 3,770 | 0.72 |
| Thiamin (mg/d) | 2.1 ± 0.9 | 1.7 ± 0.6 | 2.2 ± 0.9 | 2.5 ± 0.9 | 0.20 |
| Riboflavin (mg/d) | 2.1 ± 0.8 | 1.9 ± 0.6 | 2.1 ± 0.7 | 2.4 ± 0.9 | 0.14 |
| Niacin (mg/d) | 25.2 ± 10.3 | 20.9 ± 8.7 | 24.8 ± 10.2 | 29.9 ± 10.2 | 0.48 |
| Vitamin B-6 (mg/d) | 2.1 ± 0.7 | 1.8 ± 0.6 | 2.1 ± 0.6 | 2.5 ± 0.8 | 0.82 |
| Folate (μg/d) | 569 ± 205 | 446 ± 129a | 570 ± 180b | 694 ± 216c | < 0.001* |
| Vitamin B-12 (μg/d) | 4.3 ± 3.2 | 4.1 ± 4.1 | 4.08 ± 2.5 | 4.8 ± 2.8 | 0.22 |
| Vitamin C (mg/d) | 193 ± 97 | 157 ± 69 | 184 ± 82 | 240 ± 116 | 0.33 |
| Vitamin D (μg/d) | 1.8 ± 1.7 | 1.5 ± 1.2 | 1.9 ± 1.9 | 2.02 ± 1.8 | 0.50 |
| Vitamin E (mg/d) | 12.9 ± 5.4 | 11.01 ± 4.3a | 13.9 ± 6.4b,c | 14.05 ± 4.7c | 0.04* |
| Vitamin K (μg/d) | 241 ± 164 | 204 ± 153 | 251 ± 144 | 268 ± 188 | 0.60 |
| Iron (mg/d) | 18.9 ± 8.0 | 15.5 ± 5.9 | 19.2 ± 8.6 | 22.0 ± 8.1 | 0.41 |
| Magnesium (mg/d) | 481 ± 196 | 415 ± 140 | 493 ± 226 | 536 ± 196 | 0.12 |
| Selenium (μg/d) | 129 ± 68 | 134 ± 86 | 129 ± 63 | 124 ± 52 | 0.55 |
| Zinc (mg/d) | 12.3 ± 4.8 | 10.6 ± 4.03 | 12.6 ± 5.1 | 13.9 ± 4.7 | 0.37 |
| Potassium (mg/d) | 4,104 ± 1,404 | 3,579 ± 1,037 | 4,016 ± 1,297 | 4,725 ± 1,594 | 0.21 |
| Calcium (mg/d) | 1,138 ± 433 | 991 ± 316 | 1,157 ± 428 | 1,268 ± 496 | 0.11 |
Analysis of covariance has been used; All values are mean ± SD and adjusted for total energy intake.
DTAC, dietary total antioxidant capacity; SD, standard deviation; SFA, saturated fatty acid; MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acid; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acid.
*Significantly different between groups (p < 0.05); a,b,cTukey post hoc test: means with the same letter indicate no significant difference. Any difference between 2 means carrying different letters is significant at 0.05.