Table 3.

Relationship between flower visits, flower visitors and proportion exotic flower cover

Response	Type	Fixed effect	Estimate ± SE	z	p value
Flower visits
Total flower visits	Poissona	Proportion exotic flower cover	0.113 ± 0.113	0.994	0.320
Visits to exotic flowers	Poissona	Proportion exotic flower cover	0.844 ± 0.162	5.220	< 0.001
Visits to native flowers	Poissona	Proportion exotic flower cover	− 0.327 ± 0.114	− 2.868	0.004
Proportion visits to exotic flowers	Binomiala	Proportion exotic flower cover	1.220 ± 0.178	6.840	< 0.001
Flower visitors
Flower-visitor species richness	Poissona	Proportion exotic flower cover	0.161 ± 0.094	1.763	0.084
Proportion non-honey bee visits	Binomiala	Proportion exotic flower cover	− 0.131 ± 0.136	− 0.966	0.334

Reported model parameters have been estimated with glmms (see ‘Type’) and are excerpts from the full models shown in Table S2. p values are based on z statistics. Significant relationships (at p < 0.05) are in bold. Each variable accounted for 1 df in the nominator of the 137 df in the denominator

^aModel with observation-level random effect