Table 1.
Family History Rate of Cluster Headachea
| Source | Year | Countryb | Source of participants | Probands with family history of CH, No. (%) | Total probands examined, No. | Degrees of relatives who were investigated | Criteria used to diagnose CH | Method of diagnosisc | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| In probands | In relatives | ||||||||
| Large cohort studies | |||||||||
| Bahra et al18 | 2002 | United Kingdom | National support group, charity group, clinic | NR (5.0) | 230 | Part offirst (parent or sibling) | ICHD1 | In person or telephone | From probands |
| Bhargava et al34 | 2014 | India | Clinic | 0 | 30 | Unknown | ICHD2 | In person | From probands |
| Cruz et al35 | 2013 | Portugal | Clinic | 5 (20.8)d | 22 | First | ICHD2 | Bytelephone | Telephone |
| Dong et al29 | 2013 | China | Clinic | 8 (6.7) | 120 | Unknown | ICHD2 | In person | From probands |
| Donnet et al36 | 2007 | France | Clinic | 6 (5.5) | 110 | First and second | ICHD1 or ICHD2 | In person | From probands |
| El Amrani et al26 | 2002 | France | Clinic | 20 (10.8) | 186 | First and second | ICHD1 | In person or by telephone | In person or by telephone |
| Haane et al39 | 2013 | The Netherlands | Media (website) and clinic | 9 (12.5) | 72 | First and second | ICHD2e | Survey | From probands |
| Klapper et al19 | 2000 | Global (online survey) | National support group and media (website) | NR (10.0) | 693 | Unknown | ICHD1 | Survey | From probands |
| Kudrow and Kudrow27 | 1994 | Not stated, presumed United States | Not stated | NR (8.7) | 300 | First | IHS Ad Hoc Committee and ICHD1 | In person | From probands |
| Lademann et al20 | 2015 | Germany | Clinic | NR (7.8) | 434 | Unknown | ICHD2 or ICHD3-beta | In person | From probands |
| Leone et al33 | 2001 | Italy | Clinic | 44 (20.0) | 220 | First and second | ICHD1 | In person | In person, by telephone, or from probands |
| Lin et al21 | 2004 | Taiwan | Clinic | 6 (5.8) | 104 | Partoffirst degree (parent or sibling) | ICHD1 | In person, by telephone, or by survey | From probands |
| Maytal et al37 | 1992 | United States | Clinic | 3 (8.6) | 35 | Parts of first and second (parent, grandparent, sibling) | ICHD1 | In person | From probands |
| Montagna et al38 | 1998 | Italy | Clinic | 5 (2.3) | 222 | First and second in all families, third in 1 family | ICHD1 | In person | Telephone |
| Rainero et al32 | 2008 | Italy | Clinic | 5 (4.6) | 109 | Unknown | ICHD2 | In person | From probands |
| Riess et al30 | 1998 | Canada | Media (newspaper and radio) | NR (22.0) | 51 | First | ICHD1 | In person | From probands |
| Rozen and Fishman25 | 2012 | United States | National support group and national headache society | NR (18.0) | 1134 | Unknown | Diagnosed by neurologist | Survey | From probands |
| Russell et al31 | 1996 | Denmark | Clinic | 25 (6.8) | 366 | First and second | ICHD1 | Bytelephone or survey | Telephone |
| Sjöstrand et al13 | 2005 | Sweden | Clinic | 12 (2.0) | 609 | Unknown | ICHD2 | In person | From probands, questionnaires, and/or personal interviews |
| Steinberg et al22 | 2018 | Sweden | Clinic | 56 (11.2) | 500 | First, second, and third | ICHD3-beta | Survey | From probands |
| Taga et al28 | 2015 | Italy | Clinic | 40 (5.1) | 785 | First | ICHD3-beta | In person | Chart reviews |
| Vikelis and Rapoport24 | 2016 | Greece | Clinic | NR (17.5) | 302 | Unknown | ICHD3-beta | In person | From probands |
| Twin-based studies | |||||||||
| Ekbom, et al40 | 2006 | Sweden | National registry | 2 (5.4) | 37 | Twins only | ICHD2 | Bytelephone | Bytelephone |
Abbreviations: CH, cluster headache; ICHD, International Classification of Headache Disorders; IHS, International Headache Society; NR, not reported.
References for the diagnosis of cluster headache include the ICHD editions 1,63 2,36 3-beta,35 and 31 and HIS Ad Hoc Committee37 criteria.
For country of patients studied, presumed refers to articles in which the country of the patients was not specified, but the patients were personally seen in the clinic of the authors.
In some cases, the method of diagnosis was not specifically mentioned; patients were presumed to be diagnosed in person if the study mentioned that the patient had a neurologic examination completed or a blood sample drawn.
Of note, there is an intentional discrepancy in the value for percentage and the value for nominator and denominator for Cruz et al.35 This study reported a positive family history in 20.8% (5 of 24 participants); however, 2 of the 24 patients had probable cluster headache and thus were excluded, and the study did not report if it was these patients who had a positive family history. Therefore, we report the original percentage of 20.8% (5 of 24 participants) instead of 22.7% (5 of 22 participants).
For criteria used to diagnose cluster headache, this letter indicates that maximum attack duration and maximal attack frequency criteria were not examined.