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. 2020 Jun 18;45(4):307–322. doi: 10.1007/s10484-020-09477-w

Table 3.

Observed means (SD) for stress and stress related symptoms

Measure Group T0 T1 T2
M SD M SD M SD
TICS-SSCS
HRV-Bfb 17.22 8.29 13.83 7.08 15 7.67
MBI 17.67 6.6 14.53 6.36 16.07 5.73
WLC 20.47 7.89 17.74 7.13 20.63 8.33
SVF 120
 POS HRV-Bfb 11.98 2.12 12 2.43 12.52 2.29
MBI 11.69 2.7 11.52 2.87 11.85 2.96
WLC 11.41 2.65 11.03 2.94 11.74 2.41
 NEG HRV-Bfb 9.8 2.8 9.86 2.89 9.67 2.82
MBI 10.22 3.45 9.06 3.55 9.36 3.68
WLC 10.86 4.17 11.23 4.32 11.04 3.52
HRV
 RMSSD
  RSA HRV-Bfb 38.62 22.15 40.88 27.97 37.2 15.91
MBI 37.12 15.44 41.24 17.55 33.51 14.91
WLC 46.86 24.78 55.79 41.63 45.98 25.87
  Short-term HRV-Bfb 29.66 18.02 31.7 17.24 31.84 13.93
MBI 28.95 12.26 31.16 9.39 31.37 11.19
WLC 36.47 20.88 44.28 44.94 39.67 26.91
 SDNN
  RSA HRV-Bfb 65.3 31.15 67.36 37.17 75.51 23.82
MBI 63.56 22.7 73.02 27.46 88.17 23.92
WLC 75.51 34.25 60.16 47.04 77.01 31.49
  Short-term HRV-Bfb 50.14 26.7 62.99 26.45 67.37 24.22
MBI 57.61 32.36 56.88 18.72 62.62 52.69
WLC 59.29 30.31 72.3 21.16 71.1 33.37
Cortisol HRV-Bfb 2.63 1.44 1.5 1.33 2.55 1.64
MBI 2.72 1.08 1.28 0.74 2.21 1.62
WLC 2.41 1.71 1.41 0.95 2.69 2.05
BDI-II HRV-Bfb 8.67 6.66 4.67 6.31 5.33 8.13
MBI 7.33 4.46 3.67 3.89 3.2 5.11
WLC 7.95 5.96 6.26 3.82 4.26 4.26
HEALTH-49 A HRV-Bfb 0.65 0.42 0.49 0.37 0.52 0.38
MBI 0.58 0.32 0.47 0.37 0.44 0.31
WLC 0.78 0.57 0.67 0.64 0.56 0.47
HEALTH-49 E HRV-Bfb 1.36 0.89 1.19 0.79 1.32 0.69
MBI 1.42 0.52 1.08 0.68 1.13 0.73
WLC 1.33 0.65 1.24 0.76 1.05 0.47
FFA-14 HRV-Bfb 37.5 4.65 38.67 5.98 38.44 5.64
MBI 35.2 4.99 37.93 3.67 39.53 5.97
WLC 37.4 5.08 36.42 5.14 38.58 6.8
SCS-D HRV-Bfb 3.25 0.44 3.27 0.5 3.36 0.67
MBI 3.26 0.33 3.5 0.39 3.52 0.67
WLC 3 0.46 2.98 0.4 3.07 0.69

TICS-SSCS scale chronic stress of the Trier Inventory for Chronic Stress, SVF 120 POS scale positive coping strategies of the stress-coping questionnaire, SVF 120 NEG scale negative coping strategies of the stress-coping questionnaire, HRV heart rate variability, RSA respiratory sinus arrhythmia, RMSSD root mean square of the squared differences of the RR intervals of successive heartbeats, SDNN standard deviation of the RR intervals, BDI-II Beck-depression inventory, HEALTH-49 A and HEALTH-49 E module A (psychological and somatoform complaints) and module E (restrictions on activity and participation) of the Hamburg Modules for the Assessment of Psychosocial Health in Clinical Practice, FFA-14 short version of the Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory, SCS-D short German version of the of the self-compassion scale, HRV-Bfb heart rate variability-biofeedback (n = 18), MBI mindfulness-based intervention (n = 15), WLC wait-list-control-group (n = 19)