Table 1.

Summary of the presentation, treatment and outcomes of the cases reported.

Case	Age (years)	Time from procedure to symptoms onset (weeks)	Clinical features	Procedure	Antibiotic treatmenta	Outcome
1	22	4	Erythematous papules, serosanguineous discharge compromising around 20 × 10 cm2 of the distal third of the right thigh. No lesions were found on the left thigh.	Several silicone injections in both thighs	IV amikacin and imipenem for 3 months plus oral clarithromycin for 7 months	Recovered
2	42	2	Subjective fever diffuses burning abdominal pain, and foul-smelling serosanguineous discharge through abdominal and breast wounds	Abdominoplasty, bilateral mastopexy, liposuction of the arms and neck, and multiple plasma injections	IV amikacin and imipenem for 1.5 months plus oral clarithromycin for 7 months	Recovered
3	37	2	Multiple painful, warm, erythematous, indurated skin nodules around the abdominal incision, the right malar region, the suprapatellar region bilaterally, the inner left and right thighs, and the legs; the abdominal and breast wounds showed purulent discharge.	Abdominoplasty, bilateral mastopexy, and botulinum toxin injections bilaterally in the malar region	IV amikacin and imipenem for 3 months plus oral clarithromycin for 7 months. Same regimen was repeated after I&D	Recovered after recurrence
4	43	3	Dehiscence around the nipple-areolar complex bilaterally, accompanied by a whitish secretion, perilesional edema, and erythema.	Bilateral breast augmentation	IV amikacin and imipenem for 3 months plus oral clarithromycin for 7 months	Recovered
5	27	10	Multiple abdominal and bilateral breast masses	Abdominoplasty and bilateral mastopexy	First regimen (failed): Vancomycin 1 month; amikacin IV and imipenem for 3 months; clarithromycin for 7 months. Second regimen (after first recurrence) failed: clarithromycin and moxifloxacin for 3 months. Third regimen started after extensive I&D: IV amikacin and imipenem for 1 month plus Clarithromycin 7 months	Recovered after recurrence

All the patients were females.

^aAll the patients underwent incision and drainage in addition to the antibiotic treatment.