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. 2020 May 6;26(5):1634–1646. doi: 10.1038/s41380-020-0756-y

Table 1.

Demographic data and selected findings from neuropsychological assessments in high-functioning adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and typically developing adults (TD).

ASD (N = 28) TD (N = 29) ASD male (N = 17) ASD female (N = 11) TD male (N = 19) TD female (N = 10) ANOVA F ANOVA P
Age (years) 26.6 ± 8.3 27.4 ± 7.4 22.6 ± 4.1 32.7 ± 9.7 26.7 ± 7.2 28.6 ± 7.9 4.69 0.006**
FSIQ 102.1 ± 16.5 112.1 ± 13.1 102.3 ± 16.8 101.7 ± 16.8 114.3 ± 12.6 108.5 ± 13.8 2.39 0.080
VIQ 104.4 ± 18.2 110.4 ± 14.1 99.1 ± 17.0 102.3 ± 21.1 112.9 ± 13.4 106.4 ± 14.9 1.00 0.402
NVIQ 99.8 ± 14.5 113.4 ± 11.9 105.7 ± 16.9 101.1 ± 13.1 115.4 ± 10.8 110.0 ± 13.3 4.54 0.007**
AQ–Total 31.8 ± 6.5 17.3 ± 8.3 29.4 ± 5.3 35.5 ± 6.7 19.3 ± 9.1 13.5 ± 4.7 23.40 <0.0001**
AQ–Social skills 6.8 ± 2.5 3.0 ± 2.5 6.4 ± 2.5 7.3 ± 2.5 3.4 ± 2.8 2.3 ± 2.0 11.16 <0.0001**
AQ–Attention switching 7.4 ± 1.8 4.7 ± 2.3 6.6 ± 1.5 8.5 ± 1.6 5.1 ± 2.3 3.9 ± 2.0 12.42 <0.0001**
AQ–Attention to details 6.5 ± 2.4 5.1 ± 2.4 6.1 ± 2.3 7.1 ± 2.6 5.4 ± 2.4 4.7 ± 2.5 1.99 0.127
AQ–Communication 6.6 ± 2.2 2.5 ± 2.2 6.2 ± 1.9 7.2 ± 2.5 2.8 ± 2.6 1.8 ± 1.3 17.65 <0.0001**
AQ–Imagination 4.6 ± 2.0 2.1 ± 1.8 4.1 ± 2.1 5.4 ± 1.7 2.7 ± 1.9 0.8 ± 0.9 13.52 <0.0001**
RAADS-R–Total 126.6 ± 36.5 50.6 ± 39.5 116.5 ± 37.0 142.3 ± 31.1 59.6 ± 45.0 33.5 ± 17.2 22.79 <0.0001**
RAADS-R–Social relatedness 61.1 ± 20.2 25.3 ± 21.5 56.1 ± 21.8 68.8 ± 15.4 30.6 ± 24.6 15.2 ± 7.4 17.32 <0.0001**
RAADS-R–Circumscribed interest 24.7 ± 9.6 9.6 ± 6.8 22.6 ± 8.1 28.0 ± 11.1 11.1 ± 7.2 6.6 ± 5.1 18.61 <0.0001**
RAADS-R–Language 10.4 ± 4.2 4.8 ± 4.2 9.9 ± 4.4 11.1 ± 4.1 5.4 ± 4.7 3.7 ± 2.9 8.77 <0.0001**
RAADS-R–Sensory motor 30.2 ± 12.1 10.6 ± 10.0 27.8 ± 12.1 34.1 ± 11.5 12.5 ± 11.4 7.0 ± 5.5 16.80 <0.0001**
SRS-2–Total 69.3 ± 8.6 50.8 ± 9.3 68.5 ± 8.2 70.5 ± 9.4 53.3 ± 10.5 46.0 ± 3.2 22.95 <0.0001**
SRS-2–Social awareness 63.4 ± 9.0 49.3 ± 10.2 63.9 ± 8.9 62.5 ± 9.5 51.1 ± 11.4 46.0 ± 6.6 10.75 <0.0001**
SRS-2–Social cognition 64.4 ± 10.0 49.9 ± 8.7 61.0 ± 8.9 69.0 ± 10.2 52.1 ± 9.3 45.8 ± 5.9 15.22 <0.0001**
SRS-2–Social communication 67.4 ± 8.8 48.9 ± 9.4 67.4 ± 9.1 67.6 ± 8.8 51.7 ± 10.5 43.4 ± 2.8 22.85 <0.0001**
SRS-2–Social motivation 67.4 ± 10.5 54.4 ± 10.0 66.5 ± 10.8 68.9 ± 10.4 56.1 ± 10.9 51.3 ± 7.8 8.18 0.00014**
SRS-2–Repetitive behaviors 73.1 ± 11.2 51.8 ± 8.7 72.5 ± 10.7 74.9 ± 12.4 54.2 ± 9.4 47.3 ± 4.7 23.18 <0.0001**
SRS-2–Social information processing 67.6 ± 8.4 50.8 ± 9.3 66.6 ± 8.0 69.3 ± 9.0 53.1 ± 10.7 45.8 ± 3.0 20.07 <0.0001**
RBS-R–Total 40.3 ± 35.7 N/A 51.1 ± 35.7 10.2 ± 7.6 N/A N/A N/A N/A
RBS-R–Stereotyped behavior 5.4 ± 5.2 N/A 7.1 ± 4.9 0.4 ± 0.5 N/A N/A N/A N/A
RBS-R–Self-injurious behavior 6.1 ± 6.3 N/A 8.0 ± 6.3 0.6 ± 0.9 N/A N/A N/A N/A
RBS-R–Compulsive behavior 7.6 ± 6.9 N/A 9.3 ± 7.1 3.0 ± 3.3 N/A N/A N/A N/A
RBS-R–Ritualistic behavior 5.7 ± 4.6 N/A 7.0 ± 4.7 2.0 ± 1.2 N/A N/A N/A N/A
RBS-R–Sameness 11.0 ± 9.9 N/A 13.9 ± 9.9 2.6 ± 3.0 N/A N/A N/A N/A
RBS-R–Restricted behavior 4.6 ± 4.1 N/A 5.7 ± 4.2 1.6 ± 1.1 N/A N/A N/A N/A
BEQ–Negative emotionality 23.7 ± 8.4 21.6 ± 6.0 23.7 ± 6.0 23.6 ± 11.6 19.7 ± 5.1 25.1 ± 6.2 1.66 0.188
BEQ–Positive emotionality 19.5 ± 5.8 21.5 ± 5.0 17.9 ± 5.8 21.9 ± 4.9 20.7 ± 4.9 22.9 ± 4.9 2.34 0.084
BEQ–Impulse strength 29.6 ± 9.3 26.1 ± 7.7 25.7 ± 9.2 35.6 ± 5.4 23.7 ± 8.0 30.7 ± 4.5 6.88 0.0005**
BEQ–Emotional expressivity 72.8 ± 19.2 69.1 ± 15.6 67.3 ± 18.1 81.2 ± 18.6 64.1 ± 15.0 78.7 ± 12.3 3.62 0.019*
SPAI–Social phobia 110.8 ± 37.8 69.3 ± 40.1 106.7 ± 35.9 115.9 ± 41.3 73.0 ± 43.5 63.1 ± 35.2 3.78 0.017*
SPAI–Agoraphobia 27.6 ± 18.0 16.3 ± 15.0 27.6 ± 20.6 27.6 ± 14.9 16.5 ± 14.9 16.0 ± 16.1 1.82 0.157
SPAI–Difference 83.2 ± 34.4 53.0 ± 32.4 79.1 ± 30.3 88.3 ± 40.0 56.5 ± 37.5 47.1 ± 22.1 3.54 0.022*

Note: Values reported are mean ± SD. One-way ANOVA was performed between the four Diagnosis + Gender groups.

*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01.

FSIQ Full-scale IQ, VIQ Verbal IQ, NVIQ Non-verbal IQ, AQ Autism-Spectrum Quotient, RAADS-R Ritvo Autism Asperger Diagnostic Scale-Revised, SRS-2 Social Responsiveness Scale, 2nd Edition, RBS-R Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised, BEQ Berkeley Expressivity Questionnaire, SPAI Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory.