Table 3.
Mediation Effects for Healthcare Provider Advice and Bias Mediators and Treatment Utilization Outcomes
| Exposure | Mediator | Outcome | Model | Total Effect RR (95% CI) | Direct Effect RR (95% CI) | Indirect Effect RR (95% CI) | Proportion Mediated (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Serious Mental Illness | Healthcare Provider Advice to Use Medication | Medication utilization | Model 1 | 1.46 (1.29–1.66) | 1.40 (1.24–1.58) | 1.04 (1.02–1.07) | 11.1 |
| Model 2 | 1.35 (1.18–1.55) | 1.32 (1.15–1.51) | 1.03 (1.01–1.05) | 9.3 | |||
| Model 3 | 1.29 (1.12–1.48) | 1.26 (1.10–1.44) | 1.02 (1.00–1.04) | 7.3 | |||
| Model 4 | 1.30 (1.12–1.50) | 1.28 (1.10–1.48) | 1.01 (0.99–1.03) | 5.3 | |||
| Model 5 | 1.31 (1.14–1.52) | 1.28 (1.13–1.49) | 1.01 (0.99–1.04) | 5.4 | |||
| Any treatment utilization | Model 1 | 1.44 (1.27–1.61) | 1.39 (1.22–1.56) | 1.04 (1.02–1.06) | 10.3 | ||
| Model 2 | 1.31 (1.15–1.49) | 1.28 (1.13–1.46) | 1.02 (1.01–1.05) | 8.9 | |||
| Model 3 | 1.26 (1.10–1.42) | 1.24 (1.08–1.40) | 1.02 (1.00–1.03) | 6.7 | |||
| Model 4 | 1.26 (1.11–1.43) | 1.24 (1.09–1.40) | 1.01 (0.99–1.03) | 5.3 | |||
| Model 5 | 1.27 (1.11–1.45) | 1.25 (1.10–1.43) | 1.01 (0.99–1.03) | 4.9 | |||
| Healthcare Provider Advice to Use Other | Counseling utilization | Model 1 | 1.15 (0.88–1.46) | 1.13 (0.87–1.44) | 1.01 (0.99–1.04) | 10.2 | |
| Model 2 | 1.02 (0.76–1.32) | 1.01 (0.75–1.30) | 1.01 (0.99–1.03) | 35.4 | |||
| Model 3 | 0.96 (0.71–1.26) | 0.96 (0.71–1.26) | 1.00 (0.99–1.02) | −8.8 | |||
| Model 4 | 0.95 (0.73–1.23) | 0.95 (0.72–1.23) | 1.01 (0.99–1.02) | −12.0 | |||
| Model 5 | 0.97 (0.72–1.28) | 0.97 (0.72–1.27) | 1.00 (0.99–1.02) | −15.6 | |||
| Any treatment utilization | Model 1 | 1.44 (1.28–1.63) | 1.42 (1.26–1.60) | 1.02 (1.00–1.03) | 4.4 | ||
| Model 2 | 1.32 (1.14–1.50) | 1.31 (1.13–1.48) | 1.01 (0.99–1.02) | 3.4 | |||
| Model 3 | 1.26 (1.11–1.44) | 1.25 (1.10–1.44) | 1.00 (0.99–1.02) | 2.0 | |||
| Model 4 | 1.26 (1.11–1.43) | 1.25 (1.11–1.42) | 1.01 (0.99–1.03) | 5.2 | |||
| Model 5 | 1.26 (1.11–1.43) | 1.25 (1.09–1.42) | 1.01 (0.99–1.03) | 5.0 | |||
| Perceived Healthcare Provider Bias | Any treatment utilization | Model 1 | 1.45 (1.29–1.64) | 1.45 (1.27–1.64) | 0.99 (0.99–1.00) | 0.0 | |
| Model 2 | 1.34 (1.17–1.51) | 1.34 (1.17–1.51) | 0.99 (0.99–1.00) | 0.0 | |||
| Model 3 | 1.27 (1.12–1.45) | 1.27 (1.11–1.45) | 0.99 (0.99–1.00) | 0.0 | |||
| Model 4 | 1.27 (1.11–1.46) | 1.28 (1.11–1.46) | 0.99 (0.99–1.00) | 0.0 | |||
| Model 5 | 1.27 (1.11–1.46) | 1.27 (1.11–1.46) | 0.99 (0.99–1.00) | 0.0 |
Model 1 is adjusted for intervention condition
Model 2 is adjusted for intervention condition and demographics
Model 3 is adjusted for intervention condition, demographics, and smoking history
Model 4 is adjusted for intervention condition, demographics, smoking history, and healthcare
Model 5 is adjusted for intervention condition, demographics, smoking history, healthcare, and social environment
Note: Bold indicates p<0.05.