Tumor intrinsic TBK1 signaling in the setting of innate immune response, inflammation, and oncogenesis have been described. Subsequent roles for TBK1 have been established for innate immune signaling (e.g. IRF3/IFN type 1), autophagy/mitophagy, cell cycle, cell growth/metabolism, and cell death, with some evidence of crosstalk between these pathways. Tumor extrinsic TBK1 signaling has been suggested with potential roles for dendritic cells, cytotoxic T lymphocytes, and macrophages.