Table 3.
Associations of cumulative cytokine concentrations during the 2nd and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy with infant rapid weight gain years (The United States Collaborative Perinatal Project, 1959–1966).
| Infant rapid weight gain | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| All children n=1366 OR (95%CI) | Boys n=600 OR (95%CI) | Girls n=766 OR (95%CI) | |
| IL-1β | 0.95 (0.87, 1.04) | 0.94 (0.82, 1.07) | 0.97 (0.86, 1.09) |
| TNF-α | 0.85 (0.63, 1.14) | 0.63 (0.37, 1.07) | 1.01 (0.70, 1.47) |
| IL-6 | 0.94 (0.84, 1.04) | 0.89 (0.75, 1.07) | 0.97 (0.84, 1.11) |
| IL-8 | 1.08 (1.00, 1.17) | 1.13 (0.99, 1.28) | 1.05 (0.95, 1.16) |
| IL-10 | 0.97 (0.83, 1.14) | 1.03 (0.82, 1.29) | 0.92 (0.74, 1.15) |
Models were adjusted for maternal age (year), race (White/non-White), education (year), socioeconomic disadvantage, number of cigarette smoked/day during pregnancy, pre-pregnancy BMI, and treatment for psychiatric illnesses (yes/no).
ORs are reported per log unit increase in the cumulative cytokine concentration (pg/ml) of each cytokine during the 2nd and 3rd trimesters.
We defined weight gain in the first year of life as the change in weight-for-age z scores between the birth and the end of the first year (or the closest date to age one year). A gain ≥ 0.67 between birth and age one year was considered rapid weight gain in infancy.
BMI: body mass index; CI: confidence interval; IL: interleukin; OR: odds ratio; TNF: tumor necrosis factor