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. 2020 Nov 5;10:19119. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-75064-y

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Measures (mean ± 1SE) for survivorship (A), development time (B), and adult body size (dry weight) (C) across three variable temperature treatments (22, 26, and 28 °C). Each variable temperature treatment consisted of means from 4 replicate rearing jars, each containing 50 larvae. Statistically significant differences (1-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison test, p ≤ 0.05) between variable treatments indicated by different letters over bars (a,b,c). Difference between constant and variable temperature treatments expressed as % difference (A–C relative to Fig. 1A–C) for survivorship (D), development time (E), and adult body size (F). Statistical significance (Student’s t-test) indicated by ns (p > 0.05), * (p ≤ 0.05) or ** (p ≤ 0.01).