Table 4.
Maternal, obstetric and foetal characteristics of type 1 diabetes patients
| Mean ± SD | All type 1 diabetes n = 124 |
CSII n = 40 (32) |
MDI n = 84 (67) |
P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 33.8 ± 4.7 | 34.3 ± 4.0 | 33.5 ± 5.0 | 0.524 |
| Booking BMI (kg/m2) | 26.3 ± 4.5 | 26.6 ± 4.7 | 26.2 ± 4.4 | 0.296 |
| Duration of diabetes (years) | 15.7 ± 8.0 | 18.5 ± 8.3 | 14.3 ± 7.6 | 0.015 |
| Booking gestational age (weeks) | 6.0 ± 1.7 | 5.3 ± .93 | 6.6 ± 2.0 | 0.024 |
| Birth weight (kg) | 3.63 ± 0.76 | 3.75 ± 0.71 | 3.58 ± 0.78 | 0.306 |
| Percentage (%) | ||||
|
European origin Yes (n = 120) |
96.0 | 100 | 94.0 | 0.130 |
|
Primiparous Yes (n = 52) |
44.4 | 52.5 | 40.2 | 0.207 |
|
Pre-conception clinic attendee Yes (n = 49) |
62.0 | 66.6 | 59.6 | 0.538 |
|
Preconception folic acid (5 mg) Yes (n = 44) |
70.5 | 74.0 | 68.6 | 0.614 |
|
Hypothyroidism Yes (n = 26) |
21.0 | 33.3 | 15.4 | 0.070 |
| Diabetes complications | ||||
|
Documented retinopathy Yes (n = 29) |
42.6 | 45.0 | 41.6 | 0.064 |
| Mode of delivery | ||||
|
Spontaneous vaginal delivery Yes (n = 27) |
21.6 | 15.0 | 25.0 | 0.339 |
|
Elective CS Yes (n = 20) |
16.0 | 12.5 | 17.8 | 0.623 |
|
Emergency CS Yes (n = 40) |
32.0 | 37.5 | 28.5 | 0.194 |
|
Assisted normal delivery Yes (n = 9) |
7.2 | 7.5 | 7.1 | 0.925 |
|
Miscarriage Yes (n = 26) |
20.8 | 25.0 | 19.0 | 0.596 |
|
Intrauterine foetal death Yes (n = 3) |
2.4 | 2.5 | 2.3 | 0.050 |
|
Live births Yes (n = 95) |
76.0 | 70.0 | 78.5 | 0.447 |
| Foetal complications | ||||
|
Postnatal hypoglycaemia Yes (n = 21) |
31.3 | 31.8 | 31.8 | 0.684 |
|
NICU admission Yes (n = 35) |
52.2 | 45.4 | 54.5 | 0.407 |
|
Abdominal circumference > 95th Yes (n = 20) |
23.8 | 25.0 | 23.3 | 0.026 |
|
Birth weight > 4.5 kg (LGA) Yes (n = 7) |
7.2 | 13.7 | 4.4 | 0.284 |
|
Birth weight > 4.0 kg Yes (n = 20) |
20.6 | 17.2 | 22.3 | 0.671 |
|
Congenital anomalies Yes (n = 6) |
4.8 | 10.0 | 2.3 | 0.198 |
|
Postnatal hypoglycaemia Yes (n = 21) |
31.3 | 31.8 | 31.8 | 0.684 |
|
Pre-eclampsia Yes (n = 11) |
10.6 | 9.0 | 11.2 | 0.116 |
|
Pregnancy-induced hypertension Yes (n = 21) |
21.4 | 20.0 | 22.0 | 0.523 |
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD) or %
Bold indicates the significant values (p < 0.05)
BMI body mass index, MDI multiple daily injections, CSII continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion, NICU neonatal intensive care unit, CS caesarean section