Table 2.
Characteristics of the stimuli used
| Stimulus | Envelope | Spectrum | Spectral shape | Sex | F0 (Hz) | intelligible |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SS noise | flat | LTASS-WN | ||||
| AMSS noise | AM | LTASS-WN | ||||
| Babble noise | AM | LTASS-WN (universal) | ♂ | |||
| Speech | AM | Speech | ♀ | ♀ | 215 | ✓ |
SS: steady-state; AMSS: amplitude-modulated steady-state; AM: amplitude modulated; LTASS-WN: long-term-average speech spectrum-shaped white noise; ♂/♀: male/female; F0: fundamental frequency determined with “Praat” (Boersma and Van Heuven 2001). ICRA multi-talker babble is considered to be unintelligible, although individual single-talker babble may contain some residual speech information. The spectrum of the ICRA babble noise is universal LTASS (Byrne et al. 1994; Dreschler et al. 2001)