Table 2.

Antibacterial effect of plant extracts on Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria

Characteristic	Klebsiella pneumoniae			Staphylococcus aureus			Acinetobacter baumannii			Serratia marcescens			Pseudomonas aeruginosa
	EC	SA	DR	EC	SA	DR	EC	SA	DR	EC	SA	DR	EC	SA	DR
Plant concentration
50 mg/mL	18 ± 0.5	15 ± 0.7	15 ± 0.2	16 ± 0.1	14 ± 0.8	15 ± 0.1	15 ± 1.1	17.9 ± 0.7	14 ± 0.2	19 ± 1.2	17.1 ± 0.5	15 ± 1.1	14.5 ± 0.5	13.2 ± 0.6	13.5 ± 0.8
25 mg/mL	17.1 ± 0.3	14.3 ± 0.6	14.5 ± 0.3	15.2 ± 0.2	13.1 ± 0.5	14.1 ± 0.3	14.2 ± 1.4	17.1 ± 0.5	13.5 ± 0.3	18.6 ± 1.1	16.7 ± 0.5	14.2 ± 1.2	14 ± 0.6	12.5 ± 0.5	13.2 ± 0.5
12.5 mg/mL	16.2 ± 0.5	13 ± 0.4	13.4 ± 0.4	14.1 ± 0.3	12.4 ± 0.5	12.8 ± 0.1	13.2 ± 1.2	16.9 ± 0.2	12.6 ± 0.5	17.7 ± 1.3	16 ± 0.4	13.5 ± 1.3	13.2 ± 0.7	12.1 ± 0.5	12.8 ± 0.4
6.25 mg/mL	15.4 ± 0.6	12.1 ± 0.5	12.6 ± 0.4	13 ± 0.2	11.2 ± 0.6	11.9 ± 0.4	11.9 ± 1.5	15.3 ± 0.9	11.1 ± 0.4	17 ± 1.2	15.5 ± 0.9	12 ± 1.1	12.6 ± 0.3	11.6 ± 0.7	12.5 ± 0.5
3.12 mg/mL	14.5 ± 0.5	11.8 ± 0.3	10.9 ± 0.2	11.5 ± 0.2	10.5 ± 0.3	10.2 ± 0.2	10.6 ± 1.1	14.1 ± 0.3	10 ± 0.1	16.8 ± 1.1	14.4 ± 0.3	0	10.5 ± 0.5	11.1 ± 0.4	11.8 ± 0.6
1.56 mg/mL	13.2 ± 0.6	0	0	9.8 ± 0.3	9.6 ± 0.5	8.8 ± 0.3	9.5 ± 1.3	13.2 ± 0.5	8.4 ± 0.4	16.3 ± 1	13.1 ± 0.5	0	10 ± 0.7	10.5 ± 0.1	0
0.78 mg/mL	11.8 ± 0.6	0	0	7.5 ± 0.5	8.1 ± 0.3	5 ± 0.2	8.5 ± 1.4	11.8 ± 0.6	0	15.6 ± 1.1	0	0	0	9.7 ± 0.2	0
0.39 mg/mL	0	0	0	0	5.9 ± 0.4	0	0	10.1 ± 0.8	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
DMSO (negative control)	0			0			0			0			0
Tetracycline (30 μg) (positive control)	22 ± 0.2			29 ± 0.3			18 ± 0.5			19 ± 0.3			14 ± 0.2

Plant extract genus and species abbreviations are as follows: EC, Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh.; SA, Syzygium aromaticum; DR, Dionysia revoluta Boiss. Data are shown as mean ± SD (mm) inhibition zone.

DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide.