Fig. 1.

Poly(I:C) pretreatment protected mice hearts from I/R-induced injury via limitation of inflammatory and apoptosis. a Representative photographs of TTC-stained, Evans Blue perfused heart sections obtained from poly(I:C) or vehicle pretreated mice subjected to I/R injury (45 min ischemia/24 h reperfusion). Red, AAR; blue, healthy myocardium tissue; white, infarcted tissue; scale bars, 1 mm. b Quantitative data of left ventricular infarct size and AAR in poly(I:C) or vehicle pretreated mice (n = 9) (experimental groups were compared via unpaired student’s t test, bars indicate the SEM, *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01). c Representative transthoracic echocardiography of 24 h before and after I/R injury. d Average data of LVIDd, LVIDs, EF, and FS measured by echocardiography in poly(I:C) or vehicle pretreated mice subjected to I/R (n = 15) (All experiment groups were compared via one-way ANOVA with a Bonferroni’s multiple comparisons test, bars indicate the SEM, *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01). e Representative photographs of HE staining heart sections in all groups. Scale bars (first panel of every group): 50 μm; scale bar (second panel of every group): 20 μm. f Morphological evaluation of myocardial injury after I/R in each group (n = 6) (all experiment groups were compared via unpaired Student’s t test, bars indicate the SEM, *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01). g The cardiac functional markers in serum were analyzed with an ELISA kit (n = 6). h Expression of inflammatory cytokine IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 as assessed qRT-PCR in hearts subjected to I/R with poly(I:C) or vehicle pretreatment (n = 6). i, j Representative western blot (i) and average data (j) for Bax, Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase 3 in mice subjected to sham and I/R with poly(I:C) or vehicle pretreatment (n = 6). k, l Representative microphotographs (k) and average data (l) for TUNEL assay of heart sections in mice subjected to I/R (n = 6). scale bars, 200 μm. (All experimental groups were compared via one-way ANOVA with a Bonferroni’s multiple comparisons test, bars indicate the SEM, *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01). Veh, vehicle; PIC, poly(I:C); LV, left ventricle; I/R, ischemia/reperfusion