Table 2.
Biomarkers of exposure levels at baseline and Day 5.
| Biomarker | CHTP (n = 41) Estimate (95% CI) |
Cigarettes (n = 39) Estimate (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|
| COHb (%) | ||
| Baseline | 5.8 (5.3; 6.3) | 5.6 (5.1; 6.2) |
| Day 5 | 2.7 (2.2; 3.2) | 6.4 (5.7; 7.1) |
| % change | − 50.4 (− 58.8; − 41.9) | 7.6 (− 0.1; 15.2) |
| MHBMA (pg/mg creatinine) | ||
| Baseline | 1635.31 (1245.24; 2147.55) | 1466.37 (1048.61; 2050.56) |
| Day 5 | 339.73 (301.82; 382.42) | 1840.61 (1275.38; 2656.32) |
| % change | − 72.6 (− 80.0; − 65.3) | 32.2 (18.5; 45.9) |
| 3-HPMA (ng/mg creatinine) | ||
| Baseline | 1086.68 (928.83; 1271.35) | 947.83 (817.32; 1099.18) |
| Day 5 | 494.70 (417.53; 586.12) | 1187.97 (1026.63; 1374.65) |
| % change | − 53.0 (− 56.9; − 49.2) | 28.1 (19.6; 36.6) |
| S-PMA (pg/mg creatinine) | ||
| Baseline | 2432.70 (1919.90; 3082.47) | 2301.95 (1732.67; 3058.27) |
| Day 5 | 361.48 (289.26; 451.74) | 2898.46 (2172.62; 3866.79) |
| % change | − 84.2 (− 85.9; − 82.6) | 28.9 (19.9; 37.8) |
| Total 1-OHP (pg/mg creatinine) | ||
| Baseline | 242.85 (210.44; 280.25) | 194.25 (166.36; 226.82) |
| Day 5 | 106.33 (93.18; 121.33) | 199.12 (171.73; 230.88) |
| % change | − 55.3 (− 58.3; − 52.2) | 4.7 (− 2.5; 12.0) |
| 4-ABP (pg/mg creatinine) | ||
| Baseline | 16.76 (14.50; 19.37) | 14.56 (12.61; 16.82) |
| Day 5 | 3.71 (3.28; 4.18) | 15.91 (13.79; 18.34) |
| % change | − 76.5 (− 79.2; − 73.8) | 11.0 (4.5; 17. 6) |
| 1-NA (pg/mg creatinine) | ||
| Baseline | 93.14 (81.79; 106.06) | 90.67 (78.32; 104.96) |
| Day 5 | 3.44 (2.82; 4.20) | 115.76 (100.49; 133.35) |
| % change | − 95.8 (− 96.5; − 95.0) | 30.3 (21.9; 38.6) |
| 2-NA (pg/mg creatinine) | ||
| Baseline | 27.45 (24.11; 31.26) | 25.07 (21.53; 29.20) |
| Day 5 | 3.15 (2.70; 3.69) | 29.37 (25.36; 34.02) |
| % change | − 87.7 (− 89.1; − 86.4) | 18.8 (12.3; 25.4) |
| o-tol (pg/mg creatinine) | ||
| Baseline | 152.30 (137.11; 169.16) | 149.95 (126.73; 177.42) |
| Day 5 | 49.26 (43.59; 55.67) | 175.40 (156.97; 195.99) |
| % change | − 65.5 (− 69.8; − 61.2) | 24.4 (9.3; 39.4) |
| CEMA (ng/mg creatinine) | ||
| Baseline | 130.08 (107.27; 157.74) | 126.88 (107.86; 149.25) |
| Day 5 | 20.78 (16.66; 25.92) | 143.18 (122.59; 167.22) |
| % change | − 83.3 (− 84.9; − 81.7) | 15.3 (7.7; 22.8) |
| HEMA (pg/mg creatinine) | ||
| Baseline | 3123.34 (2305.75; 4230.81) | 2876.32 (2307.89; 3584.76) |
| Day 5 | 1146.84 (913.06; 1440.48) | 3094.70 (2477.69; 3865.35) |
| % change | − 58.3 (− 66.1; − 50.6) | 11.8 (1.6; 22.1) |
| HMPMA (ng/mg creatinine) | ||
| Baseline | 481.38 (428.98; 540.17) | 451.09 (394.98; 515.17) |
| Day 5 | 125.75 (110.46; 143.16) | 484.18 (420.56; 557.41) |
| % change | − 72.9 (− 75.2; − 70.6) | 10.1 (1.9; 18.4) |
| Total NNAL (pg/mg creatinine) | ||
| Baseline | 162.41 (129.89; 203.06) | 106.86 (83.69; 136.43) |
| Day 5 | 74.70 (59.90; 93.17) | 117.82 (91.61; 151.53) |
| % change | − 52.7 (− 56.3; − 49.1) | 12.5 (5.1; 19.9) |
| 3-OH-B[a]P (fg/mg creatinine) | ||
| Baseline | 145.72 (119.17; 178.19) | 107.10 (87.22; 131.50) |
| Day 5 | 33.23 (27.37; 40.35) | 116.77 (95.09; 143.40) |
| % change | − 72.4 (− 79.9; − 65.0) | 12.5 (3.3; 21.7) |
| Total NNN (pg/mg creatinine) | ||
| Baseline | 7.04 (5.19; 9.56) | 4.99 (3.91; 6.36) |
| Day 5 | 2.13 (1.73; 2.63) | 6.12 (4.87; 7.70) |
| % change | − 59.2 (− 68.6; − 49.8) | 28.6 (16.3; 40. 8) |
Biomarkers of exposure from 24-h urine creatinine-adjusted samples (COHb measured in blood). Baseline and Day 5 values presented as geometric mean (95% CI). % change refers to mean percent change from baseline to Day 5. Acronyms of biomarkers are provided in Supplementary Table 1.
CHTP Carbon-Heated Tobacco Product 1.0., CI confidence interval.