Table 5.
Effect of the control variables: student gender and ESCS.
| Country | Student gender |
ESCS |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| B (95% CI) | BootSE | B (95% CI) | BootSE | |
| Australia | −0.1896 (−0.2134, −0.1668) | 0.0117 | 0.0650 (0.0498, 0.0784) | 0.0074 |
| Austria | −0.3842 (−0.4265, −0.3451) | 0.0202 | 0.0923 (0.0666, 0.1151) | 0.0121 |
| Belgium | −0.2537 (−0.2832, −0.2216) | 0.0156 | 0.0246 (0.0083, 0.0413) | 0.0086 |
| Chile | −0.1996 (−0.2385, −0.1661) | 0.0178 | 0.0514 (0.0355, 0.0673) | 0.0081 |
| Czech Republic | −0.3648 (−0.4006, −0.3315) | 0.0174 | 0.0593 (0.0361, 0.0836) | 0.0121 |
| Denmark | −0.3171 (−0.3479, −0.2819) | 0.0167 | 0.0454 (0.0286, 0.0659) | 0.0094 |
| Estonia | −0.3372 (−0.3805, −0.2942) | 0.0216 | 0.1130 (0.0861, 0.1406) | 0.0141 |
| Finland | −0.3999 (−0.4380, −0.3634) | 0.0190 | 0.0515 (0.0283, 0.0801) | 0.0129 |
| France | −0.2903 (−0.3289, −0.2468) | 0.0217 | 0.0710 (0.0454, 0.0961) | 0.0131 |
| Germany | −0.4369 (−0.4713, −0.3936) | 0.0197 | 0.0352 (0.0131, 0.0604) | 0.0117 |
| Greece | −0.2271 (−0.2661, −0.1855) | 0.0208 | 0.0827 (0.0616, 0.1074) | 0.0111 |
| Hungary | −0.1962 (−0.2366, −0.1534) | 0.0221 | 0.0992 (0.0761, 0.1207) | 0.0115 |
| Iceland | −0.2341 (−0.2882, −0.1862) | 0.0269 | 0.0241 (−0.0112, 0.0586) | 0.0179 |
| Ireland | −0.2176 (−0.2578, −0.1754) | 0.0205 | 0.0518 (0.0292, 0.0768) | 0.0118 |
| Israel | −0.2227 (−0.2617, −0.1855) | 0.0197 | 0.1024 (0.0780, 0.1257) | 0.0121 |
| Italy | −0.2386 (−0.2650, −0.2119) | 0.0138 | 0.0422 (0.0261, 0.0566) | 0.0079 |
| Japan | −0.2549 (−0.2913, −0.2179) | 0.0190 | 0.0372 (0.0106, 0.0621) | 0.0132 |
| Korea | −0.2321 (−0.2754, −0.1902) | 0.0215 | 0.1450 (0.1132, 0.1761) | 0.0160 |
| Latvia | −0.3336 (−0.3763, −0.2900) | 0.0222 | 0.0972 (0.0703, 0.1215) | 0.0129 |
| Luxembourg | −0.3408 (−0.3833, −0.2956) | 0.0224 | 0.0706 (0.0524, 0.0905) | 0.0010 |
| Mexico | −0.2045 (−0.2418, −0.1658) | 0.0188 | 0.1678 (0.1490, 0.1840) | 0.0088 |
| Netherlands | −0.3044 (−0.3444, −0.2674) | 0.0193 | 0.0383 (0.0117, 0.0656) | 0.0135 |
| New Zealand | −0.1610 (−0.2016, −0.1173) | 0.0211 | 0.0869 (0.0578, 0.1142) | 0.0143 |
| Poland | −0.3310 (−0.3769, −0.2844) | 0.0233 | 0.1292 (0.0938, 0.1548) | 0.0148 |
| Portugal | −0.2729 (−0.3082, −0.2389) | 0.0179 | 0.0664 (0.0509, 0.0812) | 0.0078 |
| Slovak Republic | −0.2435 (−0.2842, −0.2059) | 0.0196 | 0.1193(0.0988, 0.1397) | 0.0103 |
| Slovenia | −0.3241 (−0.3634, −0.2824) | 0.0208 | 0.0473 (0.0221, 0.0713) | 0.0125 |
| Sweden | −0.3198 (−0.3618, −0.2800) | 0.0213 | 0.0956 (0.0686, 0.1224) | 0.0140 |
| Switzerland | −0.4116 (−0.4507, −0.3709) | 0.0210 | 0.0389 (0.0184, 0.0632) | 0.0114 |
| UK | −0.1236 (−0.1433, −0.1039) | 0.0103 | 0.0825 (0.0689, 0.0949) | 0.0065 |
Note. B: unstandardized model coefficient. 95% CI = 95% bias-corrected confidence intervals based on the bootstrapping method. 95% confidence intervals that do not contain zero indicate statistically significant results. Bootstrapping is based on 1000 samples.