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Activation and development of γδ T cells in the periphery. Differentiated dendritic cells and macrophages generate proinflammatory cytokines via toll-like and NOD-like receptors. γδ T cells sense IL-1β, IL-18, and IL-23, producing an initial burst of IL-17. The differentiation of Th17 cells is induced by IL-6 and TGF-β. γδT17 cells secrete IL-21, which further amplifies their proliferation, and also that of Th17 cells.
