Table 2.
Characteristics of the articles included in this review
| Study | Name and timeframe of databases searched | Name and timeframe of databases searched | Country or locations of the primary studies | Quality of the review | Sample size and characteristics |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Morgan et al., 2009 [40] | MEDLINE, PubMed, Google Scholar, and additional sources; 1970-2008 | 7 studies on mental health outcomes: 5 cohort studies, 2 cross-sectional and series interviews | Not specified | Medium | Sample size ranged from 8 to 43; participants in 7 selected studies; most (n=6) studies recruited hospitalized patient populations, 1 study included both patients and providers |
| Abad et al., 2010 [41] | MEDLINE and CINAHL; 1966-2009 | 8 cohort studies and 7 case-control studies | Not specified | Medium | Sample size ranged from 16 to 156; most studies had adult participants; 2 studies recruited children; samples were recruited from hospital wards |
| Barratt et al., 2011 [42] | MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library Databases; 1990-2010 | Studies were qualitative (n=7), cohort (n=7), cross-sectional (n=6), case studies (n=2), and review (n=1) | Most studies were from the UK (n=6) followed by the US (n=4), Hong Kong (n=1), and Canada (n=1) | Medium | Sample size ranged from 7 to 300; samples were recruited from different clinical settings |
| Gammon et al., 2018 [43] | PubMed and ASSIA; 1990-2017 | Not specified | Not specified | Medium | Sample size ranged from 13 to 41 among studies reporting sample sizes; participants were recruited from different hospital wards |
| Gammon et al., 2019 [28] | MEDLINE and ASSIA; 1990-2017 | 14: only 1 study was cohort-based; most studies were cross-sectional, and 10 studies had a qualitative design | Most studies were from the UK (n=6), followed by the US (n=2), Sweden (n=2), and 1 study each from the Netherlands, New Zealand, Ireland, and Brazil | High | Sample size ranged from 1 to 528; most studies recruited patients and providers from clinical settings, whereas 2 samples included nursing students |
| Brooks et al., 2020 [29] | MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science; timeframe not specified | 25: cross-sectional (n=11), qualitative (n=7), longitudinal (n=1), observational (n=2), mixed methods (n=3), and psychological evaluation (n=1) | Most studies were conducted in Canada (n=8) and China (n=4); 2 studies each from Taiwan, Australia, Korea, and Liberia; 1 study each from Sierra Leone, Senegal, Hong Kong, and Sweden; 1 study had participants both from the US and Canada | Medium | Sample size ranged from 10 to 6,231; diverse samples including patients, providers, students, institutional stakeholders, and community members were recruited |
| Purssell et al., 2020 [44] | Embase, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO; from the inception of the databases until December 2018 | 26: cohort (n=12), case-control (n=6), cross-sectional (n=4), and quasi-experimental (n=2) studies | Most studies were from the US (n=14), followed by the UK (n=3), Canada (n=3), and 1 study each from Spain, Turkey, Netherlands, Singapore, France, and 1 study had participants both from the US and Canada | High | Sample size ranged from 14 to 9,684; patients were recruited from diverse clinical settings |
| Sharma et al., 2020 [45] | Embase, PubMed, and Google Scholar; studies published through March 2019 | 7: cohort (n=4), quasi-experimental (n=2), and not specified (n=1) | Not specified | High | Sample size ranged from 16 to 148; participants were recruited from diverse clinical settings |
CINAHL, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature; ASSIA, Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts.