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. 2020 Oct 23;8:593969. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2020.593969

TABLE 1.

Summary of gene list related to morphological abnormalities in crypt-villus structure.

Compartment Ablated gene(s) Intestinal phenotype References
Villus Pdgf-A KO Pdgfr-α KO Abnormal GI mucosal lining misshapen villi loss of pericryptal mesenchyme Karlsson et al., 2000
Shh; Ihh dKO Embryonic lethal reduced mesenchymal cell proliferation Mao et al., 2010
Foxf1;Foxf2 dKO Died shortly after birth large clusters of epithelial cells and club-shaped with multilayered epithelia Ormestad et al., 2006
Fat4 KO improperly patterned villi extensive fused villus regions failure of stromal clustering Rao-Bhatia et al., 2020
Wnt5a KO Shortened and bifurcated intestinal lumen reduced smooth muscle layer fused villi Rao-Bhatia et al., 2020,Cervantes et al., 2009
Crypt MyoIIA;MyoIIC dKO Disruption in apical constriction and invagination of crypt cells Sumigray et al., 2018
Rac1 KO Flat surface and short villi crypt cell expansion deep crypts and short villi Sumigray et al., 2018
Microvillus EPS8 KO Reduced microvillus length Tocchetti et al., 2010
Espn;Vil1;Pls1 tKO Delay growth of microvilli sparse and misorganized microvillar actin filament bundles Revenu et al., 2012
Harmonin KO Significant disruption in brush border morphology short and disorganized irregular microvilli Crawley et al., 2014b
Ezr KO Short, thick, and Non-uniform architecture of microvilli disorganized and fused villi Saotome et al., 2004
Crb3 KO Irregular and fused villi and apical membrane bleb disrupted microvilli Whiteman et al., 2014