Table 4.

Multinomial logistic regression analysis of factors related to diabetes and prediabetes, 2011-2017¹

Characteristics		Total		Women		Men
		Prediabetes	Diabetes	Prediabetes	Diabetes	Prediabetes	Diabetes
Age (yr)
	45–49	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)
	50–54	1.04 (0.89, 1.20)	1.26 (1.00, 1.60)	1.07 (0.90, 1.27)	1.29 (0.95, 1.74)	0.95 (0.71, 1.25)	1.24 (0.86, 1.79)
	55–59	1.08 (0.94, 1.25)	1.36 (1.09, 1.69)	1.07 (0.91, 1.27)	1.70 (1.29, 2.25)	1.13 (0.87, 1.47)	0.90 (0.62, 1.30)
	60–64	1.29 (1.11, 1.50)	1.70 (1.36, 2.13)	1.48 (1.24, 1.78)	2.23 (1.67, 2.98)	0.99 (0.75, 1.30)	1.05 (0.73, 1.52)
	65–69	1.30 (1.13, 1.50)	2.18 (1.77, 2.69)	1.36 (1.14, 1.61)	2.81 (2.15, 3.66)	1.21 (0.94, 1.57)	1.36 (0.97, 1.91)
Gender
	Women	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	-	-	-	-
	Men	0.71 (0.63, 0.80)	1.22 (1.04, 1.42)	-	-	-	-
Educational level
	Illiteracy to secondary school (grade 9 and below)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)
	High school (grade 10-12)	1.02 (0.91, 1.14)	0.85 (0.72, 1.00)	1.12 (0.98, 1.29)	0.78 (0.63, 0.97)	0.84 (0.70, 1.02)	0.96 (0.75, 1.23)
	College or more	1.12 (0.96, 1.30)	0.73 (0.58, 0.92)	1.14 (0.94, 1.39)	0.66 (0.47, 0.93)	1.05 (0.83, 1.33)	0.84 (0.60, 1.17)
Region
	Rural	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)
	Urban	1.07 (0.96, 1.20)	1.14 (0.98, 1.33)	1.07 (0.94, 1.22)	1.22 (1.00, 1.48)	1.11 (0.91, 1.35)	0.99 (0.77, 1.29)
Obesity (body mass index: ≥25 kg/m2)
	No	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)
	Yes	1.53 (1.37, 1.72)	1.36 (1.16, 1.58)	1.43 (1.24, 1.63)	1.33 (1.10, 1.60)	1.90 (1.51, 2.39)	1.45 (1.08, 1.95)
Waist-hip ratio
	Normal	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)
	Large	1.11 (0.97, 1.27)	1.65 (1.33, 2.05)	0.96 (0.77, 1.19)	2.38 (1.46, 3.90)	1.10 (0.98, 1.23)	1.67 (1.29, 2.15)
Hypertension
	No	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)
	Yes	1.10 (1.03, 1.17)	1.36 (1.25, 1.48)	1.09 (1.01, 1.18)	1.38 (1.24, 1.53)	1.24 (1.04, 1.50)	1.31 (1.14, 1.51)
Abdominal obesity
	No	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)
	Yes	1.07 (0.95, 1.19)	1.53 (1.31, 1.80)	1.15 (1.00, 1.31)	1.69 (1.39, 2.05)	0.85 (0.67, 1.07)	1.14 (0.85, 1.53)
Dyslipidemia
	No	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)
	Yes	0.99 (0.86, 1.14)	1.45 (1.21, 1.73)	1.07 (0.90, 1.27)	1.52 (1.22, 1.88)	0.81 (0.62, 1.05)	1.31 (0.96, 1.79)

Values are presented as adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval).

¹Multivariate logistic analysis included all variables in the model.