TABLE 1.
List of FW races and their effects on various grain legumes.
| Crop | Causal organism | Races | Symptoms | % Yield loss | References |
| Chickpea | Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceri (Foc) | Eight races (0, 1B/C, 1A, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6) | Destruction of vascular bundle that leads to inflicting plant water relation, drooping of petioles, rachis and leaflets; Races 0 and 1B/C cause yellowing syndrome | 10–40% and even 100% under favorable condition | Haware and Nene, 1982; Jimenez-Diaz et al., 1993; Kelly et al., 1994; Sharma and Muehlbauer, 2007; Castro et al., 2010; Jiménez-Díaz et al., 2015 |
| Pea | Fusarium oxysporum Schl. f. sp. pisi Snyd. and Hans. (Fop) | Four races (1, 2, 5, and 6) | Gray-green discolored foliage, thickening of basal internodes, downward curling of the leaves from the base to the apex, chlorosis with unilateral wilting, yellow to orange discoloration in the vascular tissue wilting and death of the entire aerial part race 1 and race 5 cause complete death of plant | up to 100% | Wade, 1929; Hare et al., 1949; Coyne et al., 2000; Haglund and Kraft, 2001; Jain et al., 2015 |
| Cowpea | Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. tracheiphilum (Fot) | Four races (1, 2, 3, and 4) | Wilting and leaf chlorosis and stunting the entire plant typical symptoms evident during the flowering and early pod development stages causing high mortality in the affected areas with severe overall yield loss | up to 100% | Hare, 1953; Patel, 1985; Smith et al., 1999; Davis and Frate, 2007; Pottorff et al., 2014 |
| Pigeon pea | Fusarium udum Butler | – | – | 30–100% | Reddy et al., 1990; Okiror, 2002 |
| Common bean | Fusarium oxysporum (Schlecht.) f. sp. phaseoli Kendrick & Snyder (FOP) | Two race (2, 4) | Phloem blockage; chlorosis and wilt in older leaves wilting of younger leaves, and necrosis of the apex and vascular tissue Vascular tissues turn a red-brown color, shortening of plant lifecycle and plant death | up to 100% | Abawi and Pastor-Corrales, 1990; Buruchara and Camacho, 2000; Fall et al., 2001; Xue et al., 2015 |
| Lentil | Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis (Fol) | Eight races/pathotypes | Stunting, wilting, internal vascular discoloration in lower stem, wilting symptoms appear in seedling, flowering and pod stages | up to 100% | Kannaiyan and Nene, 1976; Agrawal et al., 1991; Erskine and Bayaa, 1996; Tosi and Cappelli, 2001; Hiremani and Dubey, 2018 |
| Faba bean | Fusarium oxysporum f. fabae (FOF) | – | – | – | Abdel Rehim, 1962 |