Table 1.
Descriptive information about the offspring.
| Children born to mothers with GDM (n = 43) | Children born to mothers with normal gestational glucose regulation (n = 82) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| CHARACTERISTICS AND MEASUREMENTS AT FIRST WEEK OF LIFE | |||
| Birth weight (g) | 3559 (535.6) | 3690 (402.0) | 0.2 |
| Birth length (cm) | 51.8 (2.0) | 52.4 (1.9) | 0.1 |
| Gestational age at birth (weeks) | 39.4 (1.5) | 39.7 (1.7) | 0.4 |
| Mode of delivery (n) | 34 (79.1%) vaginal 9 (20.9%) cesarean section |
71 (86.6%) vaginal 11 (13.4%) cesarean section |
0.4 |
| Antibiotics during labor and delivery (n) | 12 (27.9%) | 20 (24.4%) | 0.8 |
| Preterm birth (<= 37 gestational week) (n) | 2 (4.7%) | 3 (3.7%) | 1 |
| Sex of infant | 22 boys (51.2%) 21 girls (48.8%) |
42 boys (51.2%) 40 girls (48.8%) |
1 |
| CHILDREN CHARACTERISTICS FROM BIRTH UNTIL PROJECT VISIT AT 9 MONTHS OF LIFE | |||
| Children's age in infancy at collection of infant fecal sample (days) | 293 (72.6) | 274 (54.9) | 0.1 |
| Exclusively breastfeeding from birth in months | 4.5 (2.1) | 4.21 (2.1) | 0.5 |
| Breastfeeding at 9 months of life | 23 (53.5%) | 40 (51.3%) | 1 |
Data presented as mean (SD) or as n and %. P calculated by two-tailed t-test for continues variables. For categorical variables P is calculated by either chi-square test of fisher's exact test. GA, gestational age. Children age in days at time for collection of infant fecal samples is calculated from birth to the date the mothers participated in the project, filled out questionnaires and second fecal sample.