Table 2.
Key differences between the action of ERα and ERβ on several genes or proteins.
| Effect on genes/proteins | ERα | ERβ |
|---|---|---|
| ERE-AP-1 | Upregulates transcription | Downregulates transcription |
| ER(α/β)/SP-1 | Transcriptional activation | No transcriptional activation |
| CCND1 transcription | Positive regulator | Negative regulator |
| EGFR signaling | Increases signaling | Decreases signaling |
| hMSH2 | Increased transactivation function | No effect |
| SRC-3/AIB-1 | Enhanced interaction in presence of tamoxifen | No effect with tamoxifen |
| TP53 | Silences TP53-activated gene transcription | Induces ERα-silenced-TP53-activated gene transcription |
| Serum and glucocorticoid dependent kinase | Upregulates SGK3 | Upregulates SGK1 |
| Unfolded protein response | Up-regulates XBP-1 expression | Induces degradation of IRE1 and downregulates XBP-1 splicing |
| Non-genomic effect | Activates PI3-Akt and ERK signaling—enhances tumorigenicity | Activates p38 MAPK signaling—enhances pro-apoptotic/tumor suppressor function |