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. 2020 Sep 23;17(17):2673–2684. doi: 10.7150/ijms.49401

Table 3.

Outcome measures during the follow-up by group

3 months 6 months 9 months 12 months
IG CG IG CG IG CG IG CG
Mean±SD Mean±SD p Mean±SD Mean±SD p Mean±SD Mean±SD p Mean±SD Mean±SD p
Pattern of tobacco use (Cigarettes/day) 5.6±6.0 6.2±6.6 0.614 5.2±5.9 5.7±6.5 0.625 4.8±6.1 5.5±6.4 0.532 5.1±6.4 5.6±6.8 0.405
Pattern of tobacco use (Smoking %) 39 (66.1) 47(74.6) 0.304 40 (67.8) 46 (73.0) 0.528 34 (58.6) 43 (68.3) 0.271 31 (53.4) 42 (67.7) 0.109
CO levels in exhaled air by Co-oximetry (ppm) 6.8±6.8 6.7±7.8 5.8±6.7 6.1±6.8 9.7±10.2 0.028
%COHb 1.5±2.0 1.5±2.5 1.1±1.2 1.2±1.2 2.0±2.4 0.039
Nicotine dependence (Fagerström test) 0.9±1.2 1.5±2.0 0.338 0.7±1.6 1.3±1.9 0.141 0.9±1.6 1.3±2.0 0.837 1.1±1.6 1.3±2.0 0.976
Motivation for giving up smoking (Richmond test) 5.9±1.8 6.1±1.6 0.598 6.3±1.7 6.4±1.8 0.892 6.6±1.6 6.7±1.6 0.869 6.6±1.7 6.1±2.1 0.595
n (%) n (%) p n(%) n(%) p n(%) n(%) p n(%) n(%) p
Positive cotinine urine test 42 (71.2) 50 (79.4) 0.294 41(69.5) 48 (76.2) 0.405 35 (60.3) 44 (69.8) 0.273 31(53.4) 46 (74.2) 0.018
Fagerström test
≤ 4 Low dependence 39 (100) 43 (91.5) 38 (95.0) 43 (93.5) 34 (97.1) 39 (90.7) 30 (96.8) 38 (90.5)
5-6 Moderate dependence 0 2 (4.3) 1 (2.5) 1 (2.2) 0 2 (4.7) 0 2 (4.8)
≥ 7 High dependence 0 2 (4.3) 1 (2.5) 2 (4.3) 1 (2.9) 2 (4.7) 1 (3.2) 2 (4.8)
Motivational stages of change (Prochaska and DiClemente's stages) 0.518 0.010 0.331 0.027
Pre-contemplation 9 (15.3) 11 (17.5) 10 (16.9) 8 (12.7) 13 (22.4) 10 (15.9) 14 (24.1) 9 (14.5)
Contemplation 16 (27.1) 24 (38.1) 8 (13.6) 25 (39.7) 6 (10.3) 13 (20.6) 4 (6.9) 15 (24.2)
Preparation 14 (23.7) 12 (19.0) 22 (37.3) 13 (20.6) 16 (27.6) 20 (31.7) 13 (22.4) 18 (29.0)
Cessation 20 (33.9) 16 (25.4) 19 (32.2) 17 (27.0) 23 (39.7) 20 (31.7) 27 (46.6) 20 (32.3)
Richmond test 0.214 0.694 0.716 0.378
≥7 High motivation 13 (40.6) 19 (46.3) 15 (50.0) 18 (54.5) 8 (47.1) 15 (57.7) 3 (37.5) 5 (55.6)
5-6 Moderate motivation 11 (34.4) 18 (43.9) 9 (30.0) 11 (33.3) 8 (47.1) 9 (34.6) 5 (62.5) 3 (33.3)
≤4 Low motivation 8 (25.0) 4 (9.8) 6 (20.0) 4 (12.1) 1 (5.9) 2 (7.7) 0 1 (11.1)