Table 1. Characteristics of Residents Living in 2 High-Rise Subsidized NYC Housing Settings Before the Implementation of the Smoke-Free Housing Policy in 2018.
| Characteristic | Residents, No. (%)a | P valueb | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | Residents in 10 NYC Housing Authority buildings | Residents in 11 Section 8 buildings | ||
| Baseline telephone survey, No. | 1030 | 559 | 471 | NA |
| Demographic characteristics | ||||
| Children in home | 381 (37.8) | 206 (37.4) | 175 (38.3) | .77 |
| Educational level of at least high school graduate | 758 (77.5) | 409 (75.7) | 349 (79.3) | .18 |
| Spanish language | 286 (28.4) | 158 (28.5) | 128 (28.3) | .85 |
| Self-reported cigarette smoking behaviors | ||||
| Current smoking | 157 (15.5) | 87 (15.7) | 70 (15.2) | .83 |
| Individuals who smoke in the home | 106 (10.4) | 55 (9.9) | 51 (11.0) | .57 |
| Smoke-free policy in the home | 741 (73.5) | 411 (74.6) | 330 (72.2) | .37 |
| Self-reported SHS incursions | ||||
| Saw smoke in common areas | 654 (67.4) | 409 (77.3) | 245 (55.6) | <.001 |
| Smelled cigarette smoke in past year | 612 (60.0) | 346 (62.3) | 266 (57.2) | .10 |
| Households enrolled in longitudinal air monitoring, No. | 263 | 153 | 110 | NA |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| Non-Hispanic Black | 105 (39.4) | 61 (38.9) | 44 (40.0) | .37 |
| Hispanic or Latino | 137 (51.5) | 82 (52.2) | 55 (50.0) | |
| Asian | 2 (0.6) | 2 (1.3) | 0 | |
| Non-Hispanic White | 3 (1.1) | 2 (1.3) | 1 (0.9) | |
| American Indian/Alaska Native | 2 (0.7) | 1 (0.6) | 1 (0.9) | |
| >1 Race/ethnicity | 10 (4.1) | 3 (1.9) | 7 (6.4) | |
| Other | 8 (2.7) | 6 (3.8) | 2 (1.8) | |
| Primary language spoken | ||||
| English | 195 (72.3) | 112 (71.3) | 83 (73.4) | .75 |
| Spanish | 75 (27.7) | 45 (28.7) | 30 (26.6) | |
| No. of adults in the home | ||||
| 1 | 109 (41.4) | 63 (40.9) | 46 (40.0) | .30 |
| 2 | 89 (33.0) | 46 (29.9) | 43 (37.4) | |
| ≥3 | 71 (25.6) | 45 (29.2) | 26 (22.6) | |
| No. of children in the home | ||||
| 0 | 154 (57.8) | 87 (56.5) | 67 (58.3) | .84 |
| 1 | 52 (19.2) | 30 (19.5) | 22 (19.1) | |
| 2 | 38 (14.2) | 21 (13.6) | 17 (14.8) | |
| ≥3 | 25 (8.8) | 16 (10.4) | 9 (7.8) | |
| Self-reported SHS incursions | ||||
| Smelled cigarette smoke in past 7 d | 156 (58.2) | 97 (63.4) | 59 (53.6) | .047 |
| Smelled marijuana smoke in past 7 d | 127 (57.7) | 59 (54.6) | 68 (60.7) | .36 |
| Saw cigarette use in common areas in past 7 d | 141 (52.4) | 93 (60.4) | 48 (41.7) | .002 |
| Saw e-cigarette use in common areas in past 7 d | 20 (7.7) | 13 (8.8) | 7 (6.1) | .42 |
| Factors affecting PM <2.5 μm in past 7 d | ||||
| Open windows | 220 (81.6) | 128 (83.1) | 92 (80.0) | .95 |
| Air conditioner use | 176 (64.1) | 113 (73.4) | 63 (54.8) | .047 |
| Incense, air freshener, or candles | 170 (63.6) | 94 (61.0) | 76 (66.1) | .91 |
| Kitchen stove use | 252 (94.1) | 141 (91.6) | 111 (96.5) | .18 |
| Humidifier use | 21 (7.7) | 13 (8.4) | 8 (7.0) | .35 |
| Vacuumed or swept | 231 (85.7) | 134 (87.0) | 97 (84.4) | .62 |
Abbreviations: NA, not applicable; NYC, New York City; PM, particulate matter; SHS, secondhand smoke.
a
Percentages for each survey question may vary slightly owing to missing values, ranging from <1% to 5% missing.
b
P values were calculated using χ2 tests for independence.