Table 1. Sociodemographic and Baseline Characteristics.
| Demographic characteristic | Patients with or without history of drug dependence or use | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. (%) | Raw difference (95% CI) | |||
| All patients with endogenous endophthalmitis (n = 56 839) | History of drug dependence or use | |||
| No (n = 49 056) | Yes (n = 7783) | |||
| Age, mean (SEM), y | 56.4 (0.25) | 57.5 (0.28) | 49.6 (0.41) | 7.9 (6.93 to 8.88) |
| Median | 62 | 65 | 50 | |
| Age, y | ||||
| 0-19 | 7468 (13.2) | 7371 (15.0) | 97 (1.3) | NA |
| 20-29 | 2276 (4.0) | 1336 (2.7) | 939 (12.1) | NA |
| 30-39 | 3448 (6.1) | 2313 (4.7) | 1134 (14.6) | NA |
| 40-49 | 5290 (9.3) | 3690 (7.5) | 1600 (20.6) | NA |
| 50-59 | 7762 (13.7) | 5834 (11.9) | 1928 (24.8) | NA |
| 60-69 | 8573 (15.1) | 7400 (15.1) | 1173 (15.1) | NA |
| 70-79 | 9030 (15.9) | 8422 (17.2) | 608 (7.8) | NA |
| ≥80 | 12 934 (22.8) | 12 631 (25.8) | 303 (3.9) | NA |
| Male | 28 793 (50.7) | 23 989 (49.0) | 4805 (61.8) | −12.8 (−14.0 to −11.6) |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| White | 31 588 (55.6) | 26 790 (54.6) | 4798 (61.7) | −7.1 (−8.2 to −5.9) |
| Black | 7731 (13.6) | 6530 (13.3) | 1201 (15.4) | −2.1 (−3.0 to −1.3) |
| Hispanic | 6006 (10.6) | 5283 (10.8) | 723 (9.3) | 1.5 (0.8 to 2.2) |
| Others | 3429 (6.0) | 3152 (6.4) | 277 (3.6) | 2.9 (2.4 to 3.3) |
| Unknown | 8086 (14.2) | 7302 (14.9) | 784 (10.1) | 4.8 (4.1 to 5.6) |
| Primary expected payer | ||||
| Medicare and Medicaid | 39 453 (69.4) | 34 692 (70.7) | 4761 (61.2) | 9.6 (8.4 to 10.7) |
| Private insurance | 11 893 (20.9) | 10 540 (21.5) | 1354 (17.4) | 4.1 (3.2 to 5.0) |
| Self-pay | 2978 (5.2) | 1928 (3.9) | 1051 (13.5) | −9.6 (−10.4 to −8.8) |
| No charge | 341 (0.6) | 212 (0.4) | 129 (1.7) | −1.2 (−1.5 to −0.9) |
| Others | 2174 (3.8) | 1685 (3.4) | 489 (6.3) | −2.9 (−3.4 to −2.3) |
| Region | ||||
| Northeast | 10 641 (18.7) | 9189 (18.7) | 1452 (18.7) | 0.1 (−0.9 to 1.0) |
| Midwest | 12 662 (22.3) | 10 990 (22.4) | 1673 (21.5) | 0.9 (−0.1 to 1.9) |
| South | 22 057 (38.8) | 18 965 (38.7) | 3093 (39.7) | −1.1 (−2.3 to 0.1) |
| West | 11 478 (20.2) | 9913 (20.2) | 1565 (20.1) | 0.1 (−0.9 to 1.1) |
| Median income quartile | ||||
| 0-25th | 18 088 (31.8) | 15 181 (30.9) | 2907 (37.4) | −6.4 (−7.6 to −5.3) |
| 26th- 50th | 14 196 (25.0) | 12 328 (25.1) | 1868 (24.0) | 1.1 (0.1 to 2.2) |
| 51st -75th | 12 405 (21.8) | 10 762 (21.9) | 1644 (21.1) | 0.8 (−0.2 to 1.8) |
| 76th-100th | 10 579 (18.6) | 9583 (19.5) | 995 (12.8) | 6.8 (5.9 to 7.6) |
| Missing | 1572 (2.8) | 1203 (2.5) | 369 (4.7) | −2.3 (−2.8 to −1.8) |
| Disposition of patient | ||||
| Home or self-care | 30 152 (53.0) | 25 383 (51.7) | 4769 (61.3) | −9.5 (−10.7 to −8.4) |
| Transfer to short-term hospital | 4063 (7.1) | 3571 (7.3) | 492 (6.3) | 1.0 (0.4 to 1.5) |
| Skilled nursing or intermediate care facility | 13 608 (23.9) | 12 333 (25.1) | 1275 (16.4) | 8.8 (7.9 to 9.7) |
| Home health care | 7495 (13.2) | 6663 (13.6) | 832 (10.7) | 2.9 (2.1 to 3.6) |
| Against medical advice | 694 (1.2) | 341 (0.7) | 353 (4.5) | −3.8 (−4.3 to −3.4) |
| Others | 827 (1.5) | 766 (1.6) | 61 (0.8) | 0.8 (0.6 to 1.0) |
| Bed size of hospital | ||||
| Small | 7149 (12.6) | 6381 (13.0) | 768 (9.9) | 3.1 (2.4 to 3.9) |
| Medium | 12 891 (22.7) | 11 108 (22.6) | 1783 (22.9) | −0.3 (−1.3 to 0.7) |
| Large | 36 476 (64.2) | 31 294 (63.8) | 5182 (66.6) | −2.8 (−3.9 to −1.7) |
| Location and teaching status of hospital | ||||
| Rural | 5172 (9.1) | 4623 (9.4) | 549 (7.1) | 2.4 (1.8 to 3.0) |
| Urban nonteaching | 16 310 (28.7) | 14 417 (29.4) | 1893 (24.3) | 5.1 (4.0 to 6.1) |
| Urban teaching | 35 034 (61.6) | 29 743 (60.6) | 5291 (68.0) | −7.4 (−8.5 to −6.2) |
| Length of hospital stay, d | ||||
| Median | 5 | 5 | 5 | 1.42 |
| Mean (SEM) | 10.2 (0.16) | 10.4 (0.18) | 9.0 (0.31) | (0.72 to 2.13) |
Abbreviation: NA, not applicable.