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. 2020 Nov 5;11:5596. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-19360-1

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a Schematic representation of αKG administration. b αKG administration increased circulating αKG levels of aged mice (n = 6, by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test). c Representative images of microCT reconstruction of lumber 4 (L4) vertebrae. Scale bar, 1 mm (upper) or 500 μm (lower). The magenta circles indicate the region of interest (ROI). d Quantitative microCT analyses of trabecular bone of L4 vertebrae (n = 6, by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test). Bone volume (BV/TV, %); trabecular number (Tb.N, 1/mm); trabecular thickness (Tb.Th, mm); trabecular separation (Tb.Sp, mm). e Representative Von Kossa staining and TRAP staining images of L4 vertebrae. Scale bar, 500 μm (upper) or 50 μm (lower). f Histomorphometric analyses of L4 vertebrae (n = 6, by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test). Number of osteoblasts (N.Ob/B.Pm, 1/mm); Number of osteoclasts (N.Oc/B.Pm, 1/mm); Mineral apposition rate (MAR, μm/day); Mineralizing surface per bone surface (MS/BS, %); Bone formation rate per bone surface (BFR/BS, μm³/μm²/day). g Representative images of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Alizarin Red S (ARS) staining of bone marrow MSCs isolated from the aged mice with or without αKG treatment. h Quantitative analysis of the ALP activity (n = 3, by two-tailed Student’s t-test). i Quantitative analysis of the mineralization (n = 3, by two-tailed Student’s t-test). j Quantitative RT-PCR results of mRNA expression of Runx2, Sp7, Col1a1, Alp, and Bglap in MSCs isolated from vehicle/αKG treated mice (n = 3, by two-tailed Student’s t-test). All data are shown as mean ± SEM.