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. 2020 Nov 5;10:19118. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-75933-6

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effect of silencing genes involved in HUVEC invasion by S. mutans. (A) RT-PCR analysis of HUVECs transfected with siRNAs targeting ARHGAP9, ARHGEF38, or GPR179. GAPDH mRNA expression was analyzed as an internal control. (B) Representative confocal laser scanning microscopy images of HUVECs invaded by S. mutans in the presence or absence of serum. Nuclei are stained blue (DAPI) and each transcript (ARHGAP9, ARHGEF38, and GPR179) is stained red (Alexa Fluor 555). Arrowheads indicate the expression of each transcript. (C) HUVECs were transfected with ARHGEF38, ARHGAP9, GPR179, or control siRNAs. Invasion ratios of these HUVECs after their incubation with S. mutans strain TW295 for 2 h at a multiplicity of infection of 100. Data are presented as the means ± SD of four technical replicates. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 using ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s post hoc test. Scale bar, 10 µm. All confocal laser scanning microscope images were taken using LSM510.