Table 2.
Clinical characteristics for adult inpatients with comorbidities. Values are medians (interquartile ranges) or numbers (%)
| Adults | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (n = 635) | Mild and moderate (n = 457) | Severe and critical (n = 178) | P value | |
| Epidemiological data | ||||
| Age, y | 61 (50‐69) | 58 (47‐67) | 66 (60‐72) | <.001 |
| Female | 318 (50%) | 246 (53.8%) | 72 (40.4%) | <.001 |
| Source of infection | ||||
| Family source | 37 (5.8%) | 26 (5.7%) | 11 (6.2%) | .813 |
| Community source | 7 (1.1%) | 3 (0.6%) | 4 (2.2%) | .085 |
| Nosocomial infection | 5 (0.8%) | 5 (1.1%) | 0 | .161 |
| Others | 586 (92.3%) | 423 (92.6%) | 163 (91.6%) | .675 |
| Hospitalization time, d | 17 (10‐25) | 16 (10‐24) | 18 (8‐27) | .231 |
| Onset time, d | 30 (22‐37) | 30 (23‐37) | 28 (19‐38) | .256 |
| Hypertension | 239 (37.6%) | 145 (31.7%) | 94 (52.8%) | <.001 |
| Diabetes | 145 (22.8%) | 103 (22.5%) | 42 (23.6%) | .707 |
| Respiratory failure | 33 (5.2%) | 0 | 33 (18.5%) | <.001 |
| Coronary heart disease | 52 (8.2%) | 29 (6.3%) | 23 (12.9%) | .007 |
| Heart failure | 18 (2.8%) | 5 (1.1%) | 13 (7.3%) | <.001 |
| Liver disease | 90 (14.2%) | 58 (12.7%) | 32 (18%) | .086 |
| Renal failure | 20 (3.1%) | 10 (2.2%) | 10 (5.6%) | .026 |
| Tumor | 14 (2.2%) | 10 (2.2%) | 4 (2.2%) | .964 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 37 (5.8%) | 18 (3.9%) | 19 (10.7%) | .001 |
| Autoimmune disease | 14 (2.2%) | 9 (2%) | 5 (2.8%) | .518 |
| Prodromal symptoms and signs | ||||
| Fever | 438 (69%) | 303 (66.3%) | 135 (75.8%) | .02 |
| Dry cough | 380 (59.8%) | 270 (59.1%) | 110 (61.8%) | .53 |
| Expectoration | 59 (9.3%) | 32 (7%) | 27 (15.2%) | .001 |
| Shortness of breath | 148 (23.3%) | 90 (19.7%) | 58 (32.6%) | .001 |
| Diarrhea | 47 (7.4%) | 30 (6.6%) | 17 (9.6%) | .197 |
| Laboratory tests | ||||
| Abnormalities on chest CT | ||||
| Ground‐glass opacity | 116 (18.3%) | 85 (18.6%) | 31 (17.4%) | .729 |
| Local patchy shadowing | 36 (5.7%) | 31 (6.8%) | 5 (2.8%) | .052 |
| Bilateral patchy shadowing | 406 (6.4%) | 286 (62.6%) | 120 (67.4%) | .255 |
| Interstitial abnormalities | 19 (3%) | 14 (3.1%) | 5 (2.8%) | .866 |
| White blood cell count, 109/L | 5.7 (4.4‐7.3) | 5.5 (4.3‐6.9) | 6.4 (4.7‐9.1) | <.001 |
| Neutrophils, 109/L | 3.9 (2.7‐5.4) | 3.5 (2.6‐4.9) | 4.9 (3.4‐7.6) | <.001 |
| Lymphocytes, 109/L | 1.1 (0.7‐1.5) | 1.2 (0.8‐1.6) | 0.8 (0.6‐1.3) | <.001 |
| <0.8 (n) | 183 | 100 | 83 | <.001 |
| Eosinophils, 109/L | 0.03 (0‐0.1) | 0.05 (0.01‐0.1) | 0.01 (0‐0.06) | .018 |
| Basophils, 109/L | 0.02 (0.01‐0.03) | 0.02 (0.01‐0.03) | 0.02 (0.01‐0.03) | .36 |
| Red blood cells, 1012/L | 4.2 (3.9‐4.6) | 4.2 (3.9‐4.5) | 4.2 (3.9‐4.6) | .854 |
| Hemoglobin, g/L | 126 (116‐137) | 127 (116.4‐138) | 125 (114‐136) | .143 |
| Platelets, 109/L | 199 (153‐253) | 206.5 (160.5‐258.8) | 188.5 (131.8‐243.3) | .038 |
| C‐reactive protein, mg/L | 16.8 (3‐68.1) | 9.1 (1.8‐36.5) | 68.2 (24.5‐130.8) | <.001 |
| >5 (n) | 422 | 263 | 159 | <.001 |
| Prothrombin time, s | 13.2 (11.1‐15.2) | 12.9 (10.8‐14.8) | 14.2 (12.5‐17) | <.001 |
| International normalized ratio | 1 (0.9‐1.2) | 1.0 (0.9‐1.2) | 1.1 (1.0‐1.4) | <.001 |
| Activated partial thromboplastin time, s | 35.9 (27.9‐40.4) | 35.2 (27.4‐39.8) | 37.3 (30.4‐41.8) | .007 |
| Fibrinogen, g/L | 3.9 (2.9‐5.1) | 3.7 (2.8‐4.7) | 4.8 (3.4‐5.6) | <.001 |
| >4 (n) | 242 | 150 | 92 | <.001 |
| D‐dimer, μg/mL | 0.6 (0.3‐1.5) | 0.5 (0.3‐1.1) | 1.4 (0.6‐3.1) | <.001 |
| >0.5 (n) | 379 | 236 | 143 | <.001 |
| Thrombin time, s | 17.6 (16.6‐18.5) | 17.4 (16.6‐18.3) | 17.9 (16.6‐19.1) | .138 |
| Fibrinogen degradation products, μg/mL | 3.7 (2.3‐6.3) | 3.2 (2.1‐5.1) | 6 (4‐15.4) | <.001 |
| Total bilirubin, μmol/L | 11.1 (8.1‐15) | 11 (8.1‐14.4) | 11.4 (8.3‐17.5) | .105 |
| Direct bilirubin, μmol/L | 3.7 (2.6‐5.1) | 3.5 (2.5‐4.7) | 4.5 (3.1‐6.7) | .028 |
| Total protein, g/L | 68 (64‐73.5) | 68.5 (64.2‐74.1) | 67.2 (62.6‐71.9) | .004 |
| Globulin, g/L | 31.4 (28‐34.9) | 31.3 (27.5‐34.4) | 32.6 (28.7‐36.9) | .003 |
| Albumin, g/L | 36.8 (33‐40.8) | 37.9 (34.2‐41.6) | 34.6 (30.8‐37.6) | <.001 |
| <34 (n) | 174 | 102 | 72 | <.001 |
| Prealbumin, mg/L | 150 (97.6‐242) | 184 (117.1‐260.5) | 102 (63‐146.5) | <.001 |
| <150 (n) | 277 | 162 | 115 | <.001 |
| Alkaline phosphatase, U/L | 58 (45‐75) | 57.5 (44‐75) | 58 (46‐76.3) | .28 |
| γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase, U/L | 27 (17‐46.2) | 24 (16.7‐44) | 33.5 (20.2‐56) | .007 |
| >40 (n) | 180 | 119 | 61 | .039 |
| Alanine aminotransferase, U/L | 23 (14.4‐37.1) | 21 (13.9‐34.2) | 27 (16‐43) | .024 |
| Aspartate aminotransferase, U/L | 29.6 (22‐41.2) | 27.4 (20‐38) | 38 (27‐51.8) | <.001 |
| >40 (n) | 163 | 96 | 67 | <.001 |
| Blood urea nitrogen, mmol/L | 4.3 (3.4‐5.9) | 4.1 (3.3‐5.4) | 5.4 (3.8‐7.9) | <.001 |
| Creatinine, μmol/L | 64 (53.0‐82) | 62 (52.6‐77.7) | 72 (57‐96) | .147 |
| Uric acid, μmol/L | 270 (206.8‐345) | 277 (208.9‐345) | 246.3 (193‐343.8) | .654 |
| Creatine kinase, U/L | 64 (43‐113.5) | 60 (41.5‐95.5) | 87.5 (46.5‐184.3) | .008 |
| >200 (n) | 67 | 31 | 36 | <.001 |
| Lactate dehydrogenase, U/L | 217 (170.5‐298.3) | 197.5 (161‐249) | 335.5 (235.5‐453.5) | <.001 |
| >245 (n) | 237 | 116 | 121 | <.001 |
| Potassium, mmol/L | 3.9 (3.6‐4.2) | 3.9 (3.6‐4.3) | 3.7 (3.5‐4.1) | .066 |
| Sodium, mmol/L | 140 (137‐141.6) | 140 (138‐142) | 138.6 (135.8‐141.1) | .004 |
| Chlorine, mmol/L | 105 (102‐107) | 105 (102.3‐107.5) | 103.2 (101‐107) | .013 |
| Total calcium, mmol/L | 2.1 (2.0‐2.2) | 2.1 (2.0‐2.2) | 2 (1.9‐2.1) | <.001 |