Table 1.
In vitro efficacy and drug targets of repurposed investigational compounds with proven anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 activity
| Antiviral target | Investigational drug | Isolate | EC50 in Vero E6 cells (µM) | References | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CPE | RT–PCR | VY | ||||
| Viral entry | Nafamostat | Wuhan/WIV04/2019 | ND | 22.50 | ND | Wang et al (2020) |
| Umifenovir (Arbidol) | Wuhan/WIV04/2019 | ND | 4.11 | ND | Wang et al (2020b) | |
| France/IDF0571/2020 | ND | 3.54 | ND | Pizzorno et al (2020) | ||
| Viral protease | Lopinavir | Hong Kong/VM20001061/2020 | 25 a | 26.10 a | 26.62 a | Choy et al (2020) |
| France/IDF0571/2020 | ND | 5.25 | ND | Pizzorno et al (2020) | ||
| RNA synthesis | Favipiravir | Wuhan/WIV04/2019 | ND | 61.88 | ND | Wang et al (2020) |
| Hong Kong/VM20001061/2020 | > 100 | > 100 | > 100 | Choy et al (2020) | ||
| France/IDF0571/2020 | ND | > 100 | ND | Pizzorno et al (2020) | ||
| Penciclovir | Wuhan/WIV04/2019 | ND | 95.96 | ND | Wang et al (2020) | |
| Remdesivir | Wuhan/WIV04/2019 | ND | 0.77 | ND | Wang et al (2020) | |
| Australia/VIC01/2020 | 4.9 | ND | ND | Ogando et al (2020) | ||
| Hong Kong/VM20001061/2020 | 25 a | 26.9 a | 23.15 a | Choy et al (2020) | ||
| France/IDF0571/2020 | ND | 0.99 | ND | Pizzorno et al (2020) | ||
| Ribavirin | Wuhan/WIV04/2019 | ND | 109.50 | ND | Wang et al (2020) | |
| Hong Kong/VM20001061/2020 | 500 a | > 500 | > 500 | Choy et al (2020) | ||
| Miscellaneous | Berberine | France/IDF0571/2020 | ND | 10.58 | ND | Pizzorno et al (2020) |
| Chloroquine | Wuhan/WIV04/2019 | ND | 1.13 | ND | Wang et al (2020) | |
| France/IDF0571/2020 | ND | 1.38 | ND | Pizzorno et al (2020) | ||
| Wuhan/WIV04/2019 | ND | 2.71‐7.36 b | ND | Liu et al (2020) | ||
| Wuhan/IVDC‐HB‐01/2019 | ND | 5.47 | ND | Yao et al (2020) | ||
| Hydroxychloroquine | Wuhan/WIV04/2019 | ND | 4.06‐12.96 b | ND | Liu et al (2020) | |
| Wuhan/IVDC‐HB‐01/2019 | ND | 0.72 | ND | Yao et al (2020) | ||
| France/lDF0372/2020 | ND | 2.2‐4.4c | ND | Maisonnasse et al (2020) | ||
| Cyclosporine A | France/IDF0571/2020 | ND | 3.05 | ND | Pizzorno et al (2020) | |
| Emetine | Hong Kong/VM20001061/2020 | 1.56 a | 0.50 a | 0.46 a | Choy et al (2020) | |
| Homoharringtonine | Hong Kong/VM20001061/2020 | 3.13 a | 2.14 a | 2.55 a | Choy et al (2020) | |
| Nitazoxanide | Wuhan/WIV04/2019 | ND | 2.12 | ND | Wang et al (2020) | |
EC50, 50% effective concentrations.
Assay types: CPE, cytopathologic effects; RT–PCR, real‐time polymerase chain reaction; VY, virus yield assay.
a
Calculation of EC50 based on viral loads fitted to log10 scale.
b
Tested in different MOI (0.01, 0.02, 0.8).