Table 2.
Multiple linear regression showing the association of PM2.5 and outdoor exercise with DLEC1 promoter methylation in participants
| Variables | β(× 10−3) | p value |
|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 | 0.114 | 0.046 |
| Regular outdoor exercise (reference: No) | ||
| Yes | − 1.080 | 0.246 |
| SO2 | 0.321 | 0.323 |
| CO | − 9.120 | 0.199 |
| O3 | 0.030 | 0.889 |
| NOX | 0.119 | 0.330 |
| Sex (reference: Women) | ||
| Men | 0.513 | 0.589 |
| Age | − 0.206 | < 0.001 |
| Cigarette smoking (reference: Never) | ||
| Former | 1.560 | 0.250 |
| Current | 2.590 | 0.088 |
| Alcohol drinking (reference: Never) | ||
| Former | − 3.400 | 0.176 |
| Current | 1.790 | 0.309 |
| Betel nut chewing (reference: Never) | ||
| Former | − 1.560 | 0.524 |
| Current | − 3.990 | 0.175 |
| BMI (reference: Normal) | ||
| Underweight | − 0.725 | 0.739 |
| Overweight | − 0.092 | 0.926 |
| Obesity | 1.760 | 0.113 |
| Secondhand smoke exposure (reference: No) | ||
| Yes | − 0.258 | 0.855 |
DLEC1 Deleted in lung and esophageal cancer 1, PM Particulate matter with diameter less than 2.5 microns, SO2 Sulfur dioxide, CO Carbon monoxide, O3 Ozone, NOx Nitrogen oxides, BMI Body mass index