Table 3.
Comparison of Electromyography Activity of Hip Muscles (Gluteus Medius and Gluteus Maximus Muscle) During Functional Exercises in Healthy Controls vs Subjects With Chronic Ankle Instability
| CAI | Healthy | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | P Value | ES (CI) |
| Gmed (%MVIC) | ||||
| Y ant | 40.5 ± 25.02 | 152.2 ± 94.98 | <.0001 | –1.57 (–2.35 to –0.79) |
| Y pm | 35.2 ± 24.24 | 171.0 ± 169.34 | <.0001 | –1.10 (–1.82 to 0.37) |
| Y pl | 48.9 ± 30.59 | 222.9 ± 192.5 | <.0001 | –1.40 (–2.16 to 0.64) |
| Sls | 43.5 ± 26.77 | 127.4 ± 72.21 | <.0001 | –1.50 (–2.28 to –0.73) |
| Slsb | 45.7 ± 24.13 | 137.6 ± 67.46 | <.0001 | –1.77 (–2.58 to –0.96) |
| Gmax (%MVIC) | ||||
| Y ant | 39.0 ± 20.55 | 93.6 ± 60.19 | <.0001 | –1.19 (–1.92 to –0.45) |
| Y pm | 38.2 ± 12.55 | 123.7 ± 89.59 | <.0001 | –1.31 (–2.05 to –0.56) |
| Y pl | 36.3 ± 13.84 | 150.5 ± 136.74 | <.0001 | –1.15 (–1.88 to –0.42) |
| Sls | 44.3 ± 21.08 | 178.5 ± 203.01 | <.0001 | –0.91 (–1.62 to –0.20) |
| Slsb | 44.3 ± 16.91 | 120.1 ± 82.26 | <.0001 | –1.50 (–2.28 to –0.73) |
CI, confidence interval; ES, effect size; Gmed, gluteus medius; Gmax, gluteus maximus; %MVC, percentage of maximum voluntary contraction; Sls, single-leg squat; Slsb, single-leg squat with swiss ball; Y ant, anterior approach of Y Balance Test; Y pm, posteromedial approach of Y Balance Test; Y pl, posterolateral approach of Y Balance Test.