Figure 3.

The non-synonymous heteroplasmy counts differed between cases and controls in both stages. We split heterogeneity sites into 3 groups according to the percentage of samples carrying one heterogeneity sites: the percentage >0% (A1, B1, C1), >2% (A2, B2, C2), and >5% (A3, B3, C3). For each group, the Wilcox statistic was used to test the heteroplasmy counts difference. The ratio was calculated as the mean count of heteroplasmic sites in cases divided by the mean -count of heteroplasmic sites in controls.