Table 1.
Treatments |
Syringic acid |
Ferulic acid |
Luteolin |
Chlorogenic acid |
Quercetin |
Rutin trihydrate |
Kaempferol |
Hydroxycinnamic acids |
Gallic acid |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 mg/kg | |||||||||
P. indica | 2.39 ± 0.135c | 3.04 ± 0.27d | 0.27 ± 0.03d | 8.71 ± 0.81e | 3.87 ± 0.10c | 7.29 ± 4.77bc | 2.38 ± 0.34b | 2.3 ± 1.38b | 2.34 ± 1.35ab |
Un-inoculated | 1.44 ± 0.012d | 1.36 ± 0.07e | 0.20 ± 0.02d | 3.64 ± 2.01e | 1.17 ± 0.11d | 1.77 ± 0.65e | 8.43 ± 5.98a | 8.43 ± 5.9a | 6.43 ± 5.56ab |
50 mg/kg | |||||||||
P. indica | 4.73 ± 0.63b | 8.77 ± 0.65a | 0.45 ± 0.75c | 134.2 ± 29.8c | 0.62 ± 3.38a | 9.26 ± 0.14b | 3.30 ± 0.20a | ND | 1.59 ± 0.05b |
Un-inoculated | 1.50 ± 0.23d | 5.71 ± 0.56b | 0.18 ± 0.03d | 106.8 ± 2.64d | 3.99 ± 0.51c | 4.42 ± 0.50de | 1.13 ± 0.02c | 0.31 ± 0.01b | 3.99 ± 5.37ab |
100 mg/kg | |||||||||
P. indica | 6.71 ± 0.92a | 7.86 ± 0.58a | 1.30 ± 0.62c | 163.7 ± 9.93b | 7.03 ± 0.76ab | 15.88 ± 2.03a | 3.27 ± 0.17a | 0.50 ± 0.03b | 2.37 ± 0.11ab |
Un-inoculated | 4.41 ± 0.81b | 5.80 ± 0.60b | 0.37 ± 0.07c | 134.3 ± 15.8c | 4.73 ± 0.02bc | 5.58 ± 2.45cd | 1.12 ± 0.07c | 0.23 ± 0.09b | 7.14 ± 8.07ab |
150 mg/kg | |||||||||
P. indica | 2.59 ± 0.31c | 5.06 ± 1.44b | 7.38 ± 0.99a | 229.4 ± 3.43a | 5.23 ± 0.61b | 9.19 ± 0.92bc | 1.11 ± 0.01c | 0.26 ± 0.014b | 11.51 ± 7.66a |
Un-inoculated | 1.59 ± 0.25d | 4.41 ± 0.55c | 4.43 ± 0.87b | 225.3 ± 7.84a | 3.20 ± 0.55dc | 9.72 ± 0.02b | 2.09 ± 0.01b | 0.28 ± 0.02b | 2.32 ± 0.05ab |
Artemisia plants were co-inoculated with P. indica and supplemented with different arsenic concentrations or remained un-inoculated and treated with the same arsenic concentrations. The data is the mean values of three biological replicates with ±standard error. In the table, ND stands for not detected.