Table 3.

Transfusion and surgical/radiologic intervention complications stratified by region, year, and needle gauge

Subgroup	Papers, n	Transfusion or Intervention, n	Biopsies, n	Estimate	95% Confidence Interval	I2, %	Modifier Test: P Value
Transfusion
America	15	31,029	123,864	0.0460	[0.03 to 0.07]	99.5
Asia	23	195	22,141	0.0075	[0.00 to 0.02]	85.9
Europe	21	187	16,800	0.0103	[0.00 to 0.02]	65.0	<0.001
Pre-2000	7	33	1231	0.0172	[0.00 to 0.04]	69.0
2000–2009	17	119	6759	0.0108	[0.00 to 0.02]	81.3
2010–2018	35	31,259	154,815	0.0187	[0.01 to 0.03]	99.8	0.49
16 Gauge	21	219	10,711	0.0574	[0.02 to 0.11]	95.9
18 Gauge	9	31	2777	0.1614	[0.07 to 0.29]	99.1	0.06
Overall	59	31,411	162,805	0.0160	[0.01 to 0.02]	99.8
Surgical/radiologic intervention
America	19	216	124,630	0.0047	[0.00 to 0.01]	80.3
Asia	23	43	21,897	0.0006	[0.00 to 0.00]	59.5
Europe	24	74	17,467	0.0052	[0.00 to 0.01]	62.8	0.04
Pre-2000	9	9	1645	0.0033	[0.00 to 0.01]	0.0
2000–2009	17	34	6654	0.0029	[0.00 to 0.01]	35.2
2010–2018	40	290	155,695	0.0036	[0.00 to 0.01]	77.6	0.80
16 Gauge	24	55	10,799	0.0024	[0.00 to 0.01]	39.8
18 Gauge	11	12	2994	0.0005	[0.00 to 0.00]	23.7	0.28
Overall	66	333	163,994	0.0033	[0.00 to 0.01]	72.8